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tool: support schema format, bounds and array length keywords - #2692

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Fixes #2691

What

tool.Schema had no fields for format, minimum/maximum, minItems/maxItems or prefixItems, so these keywords were dropped wherever a schema passed through it (struct tags, MCP tool schemas, structure export). This adds them, following the same pattern as Pattern in #1965.

  • tool/tool.go: new fields Format, Minimum, Maximum (*float64), PrefixItems, MinItems, MaxItems (*int). The bounds are pointers so 0 can be expressed while staying omitempty, so existing schemas serialize exactly as before.
  • internal/tool/tool.go: jsonschema tag support for format= (string/number fields), minimum=/maximum= (number fields) and minItems=/maxItems= (slice/array fields, non-negative). A tag on the wrong field type is logged and skipped, like the existing tags.
  • tool/mcp/utils.go: MCP schema conversion keeps all six keywords, at the root and in properties. prefixItems is converted recursively.
  • agent/structure/export.go: cloneToolSchema deep-copies the new fields.
  • tool/agent/capability_search_index.go: Format and PrefixItems are included in the search text, alongside Pattern and Items.
  • Docs: en and zh tool.md.

prefixItems has no tag form, since a tuple doesn't map to a single Go field type. It can be set on a manual schema or comes through from MCP.

This PR doesn't validate tool-call arguments against the new keywords at runtime. The issue only asks for them to be preserved, so I left that out to keep the change small.

Tests

  • New tests for the tag parsing (valid tags, plus wrong-type and negative values being ignored), MCP conversion at the root and in properties, and deep copying in structure export.
  • go build ./..., go vet and go test ./tool ./internal/tool ./tool/mcp ./agent/structure ./tool/agent pass on Go 1.21.
  • go test ./tool/... has one unrelated failure, tool/skill TestRunTool_ExecutesAndCollectsOutputFiles (Duration is empty). It fails the same way on the base commit in my environment.

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No actionable comments were generated in the recent review.

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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 03819a6 and af0c755.

Files selected for processing: 7
  • docs/mkdocs/en/tool.md
  • docs/mkdocs/zh/tool.md
  • internal/tool/tool.go
  • internal/tool/tool_test.go
  • tool/mcp/utils.go
  • tool/mcp/utils_test.go
  • tool/tool.go
Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes: 1
  • docs/mkdocs/en/tool.md

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📝 Summary

English summary

This change adds JSON Schema format, minimum, maximum, minItems, maxItems, and prefixItems support to tool.Schema. Struct-tag generation supports format, numeric bounds, and array-length bounds; prefixItems can be set directly or received through MCP conversion. Schema cloning preserves the new values, and capability search text includes Format and recursively includes PrefixItems. The English and Chinese tool documentation now describe the keywords and clarify that tool-call arguments are not validated against them at runtime.

Public API surface

The new exported fields are tool.Schema.Format, Minimum, Maximum, MinItems, MaxItems, and PrefixItems. Numeric bounds and array-length bounds are pointers, so nil omits their JSON keywords. All new fields use omitempty, preserving serialized output when callers leave them unset.

Before release, confirm that these fields belong in the provider-neutral tool.Schema API and do not overlap with validation or provider-specific options. Review whether the exported fields and their package ownership are appropriate, whether their names and pointer semantics clearly express JSON Schema behavior, and whether the representation supports expected extensions. Document supported format values and struct-tag type restrictions. Check compatibility with consumers that reject unknown keywords.

Behavior and risks

Struct tags support format on string and numeric fields, numeric bounds on numeric fields, and item-count bounds on slices and arrays. Invalid tag values or incompatible field types return errors. MCP conversion carries the new constraints through root and property schemas. It ignores invalid item counts; unsupported prefix-item entries can cause the prefixItems list to be omitted. Schema cloning recursively copies prefix-item schemas and copies bound values.

These fields preserve schema constraints for downstream consumers. They do not add runtime validation of tool-call arguments. Provider behavior can differ. The capability search index adds Format and PrefixItems, but does not add numeric bounds or item-count bounds to search text.

Recommended validation

Run go build ./..., go vet, and the focused tests reported by the PR: go test ./tool ./internal/tool ./tool/mcp ./agent/structure ./tool/agent. Confirm that unset fields preserve existing JSON output. Cover valid and invalid struct tags, MCP values, and nested PrefixItems. The PR reports an unrelated failure in tool/skill test TestRunTool_ExecutesAndCollectsOutputFiles under go test ./tool/..., and reports the same failure on the base commit. The supplied context does not include independent test results.

中文

中文摘要

此变更为 tool.Schema 增加 JSON Schema format、minimum、maximum、minItems、maxItems 和 prefixItems 支持。struct tag 支持 format、数值边界和数组长度边界;调用方可直接设置 prefixItems,也可通过 MCP 转换传入。schema 克隆会保留这些值。capability search text 会加入 Format,并递归加入 PrefixItems。英文和中文工具文档已说明这些关键字,并明确工具调用参数不会在运行时按这些约束进行验证。

公共 API 范围

新增的导出字段为 tool.Schema.Format、Minimum、Maximum、MinItems、MaxItems 和 PrefixItems。数值边界和数组长度边界使用指针;nil 时会省略对应 JSON 关键字。所有新字段均使用 omitempty,因此调用方未设置这些字段时,序列化输出保持不变。

发布前应确认这些字段适合放在与 provider 无关的 tool.Schema API 中,且不会与验证功能或 provider 专属选项重叠。还应审查这些导出字段及其包归属是否合适,字段名称和指针语义是否能清楚表达 JSON Schema 行为,以及当前表示方式是否支持预期扩展。应记录支持的 format 值和 struct tag 的字段类型限制,并检查拒绝未知关键字的消费者是否兼容。

行为与风险

struct tag 支持字符串和数值字段的 format、数值字段的数值边界,以及 slice 和 array 字段的项数边界。无效 tag 值或不兼容的字段类型会返回错误。MCP 转换会在根 schema 和属性 schema 中传递这些约束。无效项数会被忽略;不支持的 prefix item 条目可能导致整个 prefixItems 列表被省略。schema 克隆会递归复制 prefix-item schema,并复制边界值。

这些字段会为下游消费者保留 schema 约束,但不会增加工具调用参数的运行时验证。不同 provider 的处理行为可能不同。capability search index 会加入 Format 和 PrefixItems,但不会把数值边界或项数边界加入搜索文本。

建议验证

运行 go build ./...、go vet,以及 PR 报告的定向测试:go test ./tool ./internal/tool ./tool/mcp ./agent/structure ./tool/agent。确认未设置新字段时,JSON 输出保持不变。覆盖有效和无效的 struct tag、MCP 值及嵌套 PrefixItems。PR 报告称,运行 go test ./tool/... 时,tool/skill 测试 TestRunTool_ExecutesAndCollectsOutputFiles 会发生无关失败,且 base commit 上也有同样失败。当前上下文不包含独立测试结果。

tool.Schema now supports additional JSON Schema constraints. Struct tags and MCP conversion populate these fields. Schema cloning and capability indexing preserve or include them, and the English and Chinese tool documentation describes them.

Changes: JSON Schema constraints

Layer / File(s) Summary
Schema contract and struct tags
tool/tool.go, internal/tool/tool.go, internal/tool/tool_test.go
Schema adds format, numeric bounds, prefix items, and array item-count fields. Struct tags populate supported constraints for compatible field types; tests cover valid and incompatible values.
MCP schema conversion
tool/mcp/utils.go, tool/mcp/utils_test.go
MCP conversion applies constraints to root schemas and properties. It accepts nonnegative integral item counts and converts ordered prefix items. Tests cover root, property, and tuple constraints.
Schema copies, indexing, and documentation
agent/structure/export.go, agent/structure/export_test.go, tool/agent/capability_search_index.go, docs/mkdocs/en/tool.md, docs/mkdocs/zh/tool.md
Schema cloning copies the new fields and recursively clones prefix items and constraint pointers. Capability search text includes formats and prefix items. The English and Chinese docs describe the constraints.

Priority: Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Change: Feature

Possibly related PRs

  • trpc-group/trpc-agent-go#2687: The OpenAI Responses adapter consumes tool schemas when building provider requests. This PR adds fields to the shared schema contract that the adapter can receive.

Suggested labels: type/api-change, type/feature

Suggested reviewers: rememorio

Merge Risk: Low · up to af0c7

Most constraint paths are ready, but MCP tools using a false positional schema can lose array restrictions. This narrow case merits owner awareness or follow-up.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4 · Failed 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage Warning Docstring coverage is 34.48% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 29 functions across 8 files. (2 skipped: … Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed Passed checks: 4 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Description check Passed The description clearly explains the added JSON Schema keywords, affected conversion paths, tests, documentation, and the intentional absence of runtime validation.
Title check Passed The title concisely and accurately describes the main schema keyword support added by the pull request.
Linked Issues check Passed Issue #2691 is directly linked. tool.Schema now exposes Format, pointer Minimum/Maximum, PrefixItems, and pointer MinItems/MaxItems with omitempty. Struct-tag parsing accepts the reque…
Out of Scope Changes check Passed The reviewed changes stay within issue #2691. The code, tests, cloning, MCP conversion, search indexing, and documentation all support preservation and use of the requested schema keywords. The omissi…
Full details: Linked Issues check

Explanation

Issue #2691 is directly linked. tool.Schema now exposes Format, pointer Minimum/Maximum, PrefixItems, and pointer MinItems/MaxItems with omitempty. Struct-tag parsing accepts the requested types and rejects invalid values. MCP conversion applies the six keywords at root and property levels, including recursive prefixItems. Structure export cloning and capability search indexing include the new fields. The reported tests cover these paths. The documentation updates cover English and Chinese. Runtime argument validation is not required by #2691.

Full details: Out of Scope Changes check

Explanation

The reviewed changes stay within issue #2691. The code, tests, cloning, MCP conversion, search indexing, and documentation all support preservation and use of the requested schema keywords. The omission of runtime argument validation matches the issue scope. No unrelated change is demonstrated.

Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 34.48% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 29 functions across 8 files. (2 skipped: 2 unsupported.)

Resolution

Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.

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Actionable comments posted: 4

🔇 Additional comments: 1
docs/mkdocs/en/tool.md-231-234: 1

231-234: 🎯 Functional Correctness | Minor | ⚡ Quick win

⚠️ Unverified finding
Verification ran but could not confirm this finding. It is shown for review, not as a verified issue.

State that the new keywords are not locally enforced.

These bullets explain how to publish constraints, but they do not say that tool-call sanitization does not validate format, numeric bounds, or item counts. A tool author could otherwise rely on minimum to reject an out-of-range argument locally. Add a runtime-scope note here and in docs/mkdocs/zh/tool.md, beside its matching bullets. As per path instructions: “Documentation must accurately describe the current public contract.”

中文

说明新增关键字不会在本地强制校验。

这些条目说明了如何发布约束,但没有说明工具调用清理过程不会校验 format、数值边界或项数。工具作者可能因此误以为 minimum 会在本地拒绝越界参数。请在此处及 docs/mkdocs/zh/tool.md 的对应条目旁补充运行时范围说明。

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Inline comments:
Review comments at @internal/tool/tool.go:
- Around line 244-249: In the numeric-bound parsing flow, reject values for
which math.IsNaN(v) or math.IsInf(v, 0) is true before assigning schema.Minimum
or schema.Maximum. Return an error for either non-finite bound and preserve the
existing handling of finite values.

Review comments at @tool/mcp/utils.go:
- Line 86: Update the prefix-item conversion in convertMCPSchemaToSchema so
nested items schemas are preserved alongside the new constraint fields. Keep the
existing prefix-item behavior while ensuring array prefix entries retain their
item constraints.
- Around line 85-87: Update convertMCPSchemaToSchema’s prefixItems handling to
preserve each boolean schema’s position in schema.PrefixItems; if boolean
schemas cannot be represented, return or report a conversion error instead of
skipping them and shifting later schemas.
- Around line 98-99: Add a local int-range check for f before converting it to
int, and reject values outside that range; preserve the existing nonnegative and
integral validation.

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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d51b52b and 03819a6.

Files selected for processing: 10
  • agent/structure/export.go
  • agent/structure/export_test.go
  • docs/mkdocs/en/tool.md
  • docs/mkdocs/zh/tool.md
  • internal/tool/tool.go
  • internal/tool/tool_test.go
  • tool/agent/capability_search_index.go
  • tool/mcp/utils.go
  • tool/mcp/utils_test.go
  • tool/tool.go

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Comment thread internal/tool/tool.go Resolved
Comment thread tool/mcp/utils.go Resolved
Comment thread tool/mcp/utils.go Resolved
Comment thread tool/mcp/utils.go Resolved
Add Format, Minimum, Maximum, PrefixItems, MinItems and MaxItems to
tool.Schema so these JSON Schema keywords survive struct tag
generation, MCP schema conversion and structure export.

Fixes #2691

Signed-off-by: Ryo Kusnadi <ryokusnadi@gmail.com>
@RyoKusnadi
RyoKusnadi force-pushed the feat/schema-format-bounds-array-limits branch from 03819a6 to af0c755 Compare October 24, 2026 14:36
@RyoKusnadi

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Rebased on main (resolved the conflict with #2683 in tool/mcp/utils.go) and pushed af0c755. It also adds a note to the English and Chinese tool docs that these keywords are sent to the model but tool-call arguments are not checked against them locally. go test ./tool ./internal/tool ./tool/mcp ./agent/structure ./tool/agent passes.

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Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 90.69767% with 12 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.25092%. Comparing base (d51b52b) to head (af0c755).

Files with missing lines Patch % Lines
internal/tool/tool.go 85.00000% 3 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
tool/mcp/utils.go 93.65079% 3 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
tool/agent/capability_search_index.go 33.33333% 1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
Additional details and impacted files
@@                 Coverage Diff                 @@
##                main       #2692         +/-   ##
===================================================
- Coverage   90.25742%   90.25092%   -0.00651%     
===================================================
  Files           1290        1290                 
  Lines         234322      234422        +100     
===================================================
+ Hits          211493      211568         +75     
- Misses         14245       14263         +18     
- Partials        8584        8591          +7     
Flag Coverage Δ
unittests 90.25092% <90.69767%> (-0.00651%) ⬇️

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I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA

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tool: support format, minimum/maximum, minItems/maxItems and prefixItems in Schema

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