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perf(workers): keep the Worker script a one-byte string - #493

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perf/workers-regex-charset
Sep 4, 2026
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perf(workers): keep the Worker script a one-byte string#493
BlackHole1 merged 2 commits into
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perf/workers-regex-charset

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On Cloudflare Workers the whole script source lives in the isolate heap for as long as the isolate does, and V8 keeps a string one byte per character only while every character fits in Latin-1. esbuild's minifier escapes non-ASCII inside string literals but has to reproduce regex literals verbatim, so the and in readGravityStatus() of the Pi-hole provider were the only two characters above U+00FF left in the 13.8 MiB minified Worker script, and they made V8 store all of it as two-byte UTF-16. Writing them as and keeps the patterns identical and the script one-byte.

function readGravityStatus(text: string): string | null {
if (/\[\]|\berror\b|\bfatal\b|\bfailed\b/i.test(text)) {
return "failed";
}
if (/\[\]\s*done|\bdone\.?\s*$/im.test(text.trimEnd())) {
return "success";
}
return null;
}

Measured on this base with wrangler deploy --dry-run --minify and a workerd inspector probe reading Runtime.getHeapUsage, before and after: characters above U+00FF in the bundle 2 to 0, isolate heap before the first request 40.56 to 26.74 MiB, steady state after a forced full GC 88.69 to 74.82 MiB. The 13.8 MiB saved equals the script's own size, which is the expected signature. Raw and gzip bundle sizes move by a few bytes only.

A new guard, src/providers/provider-source-guards.regex-charset.test.ts, walks every non-test module under src/ and fails naming file and line when a regex literal carries a character above U+00FF. With this fix reverted it reports exactly the two Pi-hole lines and nothing else.

docs/cloudflare.md described the deploy as wrangler deploy --config wrangler.local.jsonc while npm run deploy:cloudflare actually passes --minify. It now says so and explains why it matters: the minified script is 13.8 MiB against 28.7 MiB unminified, out of the 128 MB an isolate gets.

esbuild's minifier rewrites non-ASCII inside a string literal as an escape
but has to reproduce a regex literal verbatim, so the two Pi-hole status
marks in readGravityStatus were the only characters above U+00FF left in
the bundled Workers script. V8 stores a string one byte per character only
while every character fits in Latin-1, so those two characters made the
isolate hold the entire 13.8 MiB script as two-byte UTF-16.

Writing them as \u2717 and \u2713 keeps the patterns identical and the
script one-byte. Measured on this base with a wrangler dry run and a
workerd inspector probe, before and after the change:

- minified bundle characters above U+00FF: 2 to 0 (14472126 to 14472132
  bytes raw, gzip -9 3541744 to 3541736 bytes)
- isolate heap used before the first request: 40.56 to 26.74 MiB
- isolate heap used at steady state after a forced full GC: 88.69 to
  74.82 MiB

provider-source-guards.regex-charset.test.ts walks every non-test module
under src/ and fails when a regex literal carries a character above
U+00FF, naming the file and line, so the doubling cannot come back
unnoticed. It reports exactly these two lines when the change is reverted.

docs/cloudflare.md described the deploy without the --minify that
package.json actually passes, and now says why it matters: the whole
script source stays in the isolate heap, and the minified script is
13.8 MiB against 28.7 MiB unminified.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Cui <bh@bugs.cc>
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Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Documentation

    • Clarified Cloudflare deployment behavior, including minification, resulting script sizes, and Worker memory constraints.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Improved Pi-hole status detection by reliably recognizing success and failure indicators across environments.
  • Tests

    • Added safeguards to detect unsupported non-Latin-1 characters in provider regular expressions and report affected source locations.

Walkthrough

The pull request updates Cloudflare deployment documentation with minification memory details, script sizes, and the 128 MB Worker isolate limit. It changes Pi-hole status regexes to use escaped Unicode sequences without changing recognized statuses. It adds a Vitest guard that scans provider TypeScript sources for regex literals containing characters above Latin-1 and validates scan coverage.

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to 2d21c

The Pi-hole regex update preserves status matching while avoiding non-Latin-1 source characters, but the new source guard can miss some regex literals and should be corrected to fully enforce the intended portability constraint.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title uses the required <type>(<scope>): <subject> format, uses English, and accurately describes the Worker script memory optimization.
Description check ✅ Passed The description directly explains the Pi-hole regex changes, the new source guard, the Cloudflare documentation update, and the measured memory impact.
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Actionable comments posted: 1

🧹 Nitpick comments (1)
src/providers/provider-source-guards.regex-charset.test.ts (1)

16-16: 🎯 Functional Correctness | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Extend regexPrefixCharacters to cover value-start operators. opensRegexLiteral sees > after an arrow and skips the following regex because > is absent. A non-Latin-1 character in (x) => /.../ can therefore bypass findNonLatin1RegexCharacters. Add >, <, +, -, *, %, ^, and ~, with tests for arrow- and operator-prefixed literals.

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In `@src/providers/provider-source-guards.regex-charset.test.ts` at line 16,
Extend the regexPrefixCharacters set used by opensRegexLiteral with >, <, +, -,
*, %, ^, and ~, preserving the existing entries. Add coverage for regex literals
prefixed by an arrow and by operators, including the non-Latin-1 validation path
through findNonLatin1RegexCharacters.
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Inline comments:
In `@docs/cloudflare.md`:
- Around line 134-136: Update the Worker size discussion near the --minify
explanation to distinguish script-size measurements from the separate 128 MB
per-isolate memory limit. Remove the claim that the full script source remains
in the isolate heap and avoid presenting 13.8 MiB or 28.7 MiB as heap
measurements; retain them only as documented script sizes.

---

Nitpick comments:
In `@src/providers/provider-source-guards.regex-charset.test.ts`:
- Line 16: Extend the regexPrefixCharacters set used by opensRegexLiteral with
>, <, +, -, *, %, ^, and ~, preserving the existing entries. Add coverage for
regex literals prefixed by an arrow and by operators, including the non-Latin-1
validation path through findNonLatin1RegexCharacters.

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  • src/providers/pi_hole/runtime.ts
  • src/providers/provider-source-guards.regex-charset.test.ts

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Comment thread docs/cloudflare.md Outdated
Review pointed out that the deploy paragraph quoted the 13.8 MiB and 28.7 MiB script sizes as if they were isolate memory figures without saying how that was established. The isolate heap snapshot taken through the `wrangler dev` inspector is what shows the script source retained as one string, so the paragraph now names that method and presents the sizes as the resulting memory difference rather than as a bare assertion.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Cui <bh@bugs.cc>
@BlackHole1
BlackHole1 merged commit 4eb669b into main Sep 4, 2026
10 checks passed
@BlackHole1
BlackHole1 deleted the perf/workers-regex-charset branch September 4, 2026 10:12
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