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Reserve room for the path when a result candidate is copied - #280

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bab2min:mainfrom
wkpark:reserve-copied-candidates
Oct 15, 2026
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bab2min merged 3 commits into
bab2min:mainfrom
wkpark:reserve-copied-candidates

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@wkpark

@wkpark wkpark commented Oct 9, 2026 •

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안녕하세요.
kiwipiepy에서 긴 텍스트 하나를 분석하는 시간을 재다가, 결과 후보를 복사하는 부분에서 불필요한 재할당을 찾아 고쳤습니다.

아래는 클로드가 정리한 내용입니다.


문제

텍스트 하나를 한 번에 분석할 때 시간이 길이보다 빠르게 늘어납니다(macOS arm64, top_n=1, kiwipiepy 기준).

길이 시간 글자당
2,000자 9.7ms 4.8µs
32,000자 173ms 5.4µs
128,000자 1.66초 13.0µs
256,000자 5.47초 21.4µs

같은 256,000자를 2,000자 조각으로 나눠 배치로 넘기면 0.26초입니다.

원인

insertPathIntoResults는 한 조각의 경로가 같은 결과 후보를 둘 이상 이어받으면, 그 후보를 ret.push_back(ret[parent])로 통째로 복사합니다. 복사본은 여유 용량이 없어서, 이어서 이 조각의 토큰을 붙이는 순간 벡터가 재할당되고 지금까지의 토큰이 모두 한 번 더 옮겨집니다.

프로파일(sample, 256,000자)의 상위 두 함수가 각각 이 복사(vector<TokenInfo>::__init_with_size)와 재할당(__emplace_back_slow_path)이었습니다.

변경 내용

복사본을 만들 때 경로 길이만큼 용량을 먼저 확보합니다. 다른 동작은 바꾸지 않았습니다.

결과가 같은지 확인한 방법

  • eval_data의 web, written, 오타, 방언 문장과 이 문장들을 하나로 이어 붙인 긴 입력을 분석했습니다.
  • 옵션은 top_n 1~5, join 옵션, 사이시옷, 오타 교정, 방언, OOV 일관성 조합입니다.
  • 총 60개 조합, 1,630번 분석의 출력(토큰, 위치, 점수, 후보 순서)이 변경 전과 바이트 단위로 같았습니다.
  • kiwipiepy의 test_kiwipiepy.py, test_nogil_safety.py, test_bpe_trainer.py에서 109개 통과, 1개 건너뜀입니다.
  • 확인하지 못한 것: Kiwi 자체 C++ 테스트는 로컬에서 빌드하지 않았습니다.

측정

전과 후를 번갈아 두 번씩 쟀습니다.

길이 변경 전 변경 후
128,000자 1.66~1.77초 1.12~1.14초
256,000자 5.53초 3.68~3.86초

이 PR에서 다루지 않은 것

  • 시간은 여전히 길이의 제곱에 가깝게 늘어납니다. 후보마다 지금까지의 결과 전체를 따로 들고 있어서, 후보가 갈라질 때마다 복사가 필요하기 때문입니다. 없애려면 후보끼리 공통 앞부분을 공유하도록 저장 방식을 바꿔야 해서 손대지 않았습니다.
  • 같은 함수에서 joinAffixTokens가 조각마다 누적 결과 전체에 다시 적용됩니다. 그래서 한 번의 처리에서는 합쳐지지 않는 토큰 쌍(예: XPN과, XPN+NNG가 합쳐진 NNG)이 다음 조각에서 합쳐질 수 있어 보입니다. 코드를 읽고 추론한 것이고 재현하지는 않았습니다.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Performance
    • Reduced overhead when extending accumulated analysis results along a path by avoiding unnecessary copying. Existing tokens and scores are preserved, so the analysis results shown to you remain unchanged while result construction is more efficient.

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📒 Files selected for processing: 1
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📝 Walkthrough

When extending an accumulated analysis result, the code reserves token capacity before copying the parent tokens and score.

Changes: Result Extension

Layer / File(s) Summary
Reserve capacity for extended results
src/Kiwi.cpp
The result extension code reserves space for the parent tokens and appended path, then copies the parent tokens and score.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 1 (Trivial) | ~3 minutes

Change: Refactor

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 5bc8d

This change reduces reallocations when result candidates are copied during analysis, which improves performance on long inputs. Outputs are reported as identical across many option combinations, and no actionable merge-blocking risk remains.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4 · Failed 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage Warning Docstring coverage is 0.00% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 1 functions across 1 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed Passed checks: 4 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: reserving capacity when copying a result candidate for a path.
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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@wkpark
wkpark marked this pull request as ready for review October 9, 2026 07:55

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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @src/Kiwi.cpp:
- Line 682: Update the parent-token copy in the `ret.back().first` path to
append the range from `ret[parent].first` using insertion rather than vector
copy assignment, preserving the destination’s reserved capacity for the later
path append.

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Comment thread src/Kiwi.cpp Outdated
wkpark and others added 2 commits October 9, 2026 21:51
When a chunk's paths extend more than one candidate from the same
result, insertPathIntoResults copies that result whole, and the copy has
no spare capacity. Appending the chunk's tokens to it then reallocated
the vector and moved every token of the result again, so each chunk
paid for the result so far twice.

The copy now reserves room for the path first. Results are unchanged:
the analyses of eval_data (web, written, typos, dialects, the same texts
joined into one long input; top_n 1 to 5, join and saisiot options,
typo correction, oov total consistency) are byte-identical to before.
A 128k-character text takes 1.13 s instead of 1.7 s, and a 256k one
3.7 s instead of 5.5 s (macOS arm64, top_n=1).

The analysis time of a long text still grows with the square of its
length, because the candidates do not share their common prefix.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The copy reserved room for the path and then took the parent's tokens by
copy assignment, which the standard does not require to keep that
capacity; libc++, libstdc++ and MSVC do keep it, but nothing guarantees
it. Inserting into the reserved vector is guaranteed not to reallocate.

Results are unchanged (the same eval_data dump is byte-identical), and
the timings match: 128k characters in 1.0 s, 256k in 3.35 s.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@wkpark
wkpark force-pushed the reserve-copied-candidates branch from 76dc360 to a139e58 Compare October 9, 2026 12:52
Keep only what the code cannot say: the copy inserts rather than assigns
so the room reserved for the path survives.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@bab2min

bab2min commented Oct 15, 2026 •

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@wkpark 감사합니다~ 문제 없는 최적화로 보입니다. 언급하신것처럼 long input에 대해서는 해당 루프 자체가 여전히 비효율적인 부분이 있어서 추가적인 최적화 고민을 해봐야겠지만, 일단 현 상황에서는 가장 수정사항이 적고 안정적인 패치라고 판단하여 머지하도록 하겠습니다. (CI에서 오류가 발생하고 있지만 이건 현재 gitlab 서버 문제로 clone에 실패해서 발생하는 것이고 해당 수정 사항은 정확하게 동일한 결과를 내므로 문제가 없습니다.)

@bab2min
bab2min merged commit 9d85c2a into bab2min:main Oct 15, 2026
4 of 10 checks passed
@wkpark
wkpark deleted the reserve-copied-candidates branch October 18, 2026 15:37
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