perf(table): compute partition residuals for local scan tasks

[fallintoplace]

What

• Compute partition residuals during local planning.
• Cache one evaluator per partition spec and reuse it for every data file in that spec.
• Use strict and inclusive projections to return AlwaysTrue, AlwaysFalse, or the remaining row filter for each task.
• Cover identity, time, truncate, bucket, null, set, boolean, and transformed filter predicates. Unsupported transforms stay conservative.
• Read only the fields needed by each task residual, so a fully satisfied partition filter does not add filter-only columns to the file read.
• Include the identity-filter coverage from perf(table): elide identity partition filters #1966: nested fields, decoded decimal partition values, mismatched transforms, and end-to-end reads.

Example

For ts >= ... AND ts < ... on day(ts) partitions:

• Interior partitions get AlwaysTrue.
• Boundary partitions keep only the needed timestamp predicate.
• Partitions outside the range get AlwaysFalse.

Benchmark

Apple M1 Pro, Go 1.26.3, GOMAXPROCS=4. Medians of six 1-second runs on 2c72b57.

Arrow reads: 32,768 rows from in-memory Parquet, selecting only payload.

Filter	Task residual	ms/op	MB/op	allocs/op
Identity only	Original filter	2.367	8.95	944
Identity only	AlwaysTrue	1.479	5.55	521
Mixed	Original filter	3.388	19.76	1,830
Mixed	Amount predicate only	2.941	17.33	1,486

• Identity only: 37.5% less read time and 37.9% fewer allocated bytes.
• Mixed filter: 13.2% less read time and 12.3% fewer allocated bytes.
• These compare the Arrow read step with and without task residuals. Planning is measured separately.

Residual evaluation for 4,096 files, reusing one evaluator:

• Identity: 0.714 ms/op, 393,216 B/op, 18,432 allocs/op.
• Day range: 1.153 ms/op, 553,801 B/op, 31,950 allocs/op.

GOMAXPROCS=4 go test ./table -run '^$' -bench '^(BenchmarkPartitionResidualPlanning|BenchmarkArrowScanTaskResidual)$' -benchmem -benchtime=1s -count=6

Checks

• go test ./table/... -count=1
• go test -race ./table -count=1
• go test ./... -run=^$ -count=1
• go vet ./...
• go run github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.12.2 run --timeout=10m

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