feat: EXPOSED-1049 Support hashing algorithms for the Crypt module

[obabichevjb]

Description

Summary of the change: Adds one-way hashing to exposed-crypt, so that values such as passwords can be
stored as salted hashes in a column instead of being encrypted and decrypted.

Detailed description:

• What: a new set of public types in org.jetbrains.exposed.v1.crypt:

  Type	Purpose
  Hasher	Interface declaring hash(plainText): Hashed and matches(plainText, encodedValue)
  Hashed	The value a hashed column holds; exposes encodedValue and matches(plainText)
  Column<String>.hashed(hasher)	Turns a character column into a hashed one; nullable overload included
  BCryptHasher, Argon2Hasher, Pbkdf2Hasher, SCryptHasher	The four OWASP-recommended algorithms
  Pbkdf2Algorithm	Pseudorandom function for Pbkdf2Hasher: SHA1, SHA256, SHA512
  PasswordEncoderHasher	Adapts any Spring Security PasswordEncoder to Hasher
  HashingTransformer, NullableHashingTransformer	The ColumnTransformers behind hashed()

  val hasher = BCryptHasher()
  
  object Users : IntIdTable() {
      val password = text("password").hashed(hasher)
  }
  
  Users.insert { it[password] = hasher.hash("s3cret") }
  
  val user = Users.selectAll().where { Users.email eq email }.single()
  if (user[Users.password].matches(submittedPassword)) { /* ... */ }

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Type of Change

Please mark the relevant options with an "X":

• New feature

Affected databases:

• All

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Related Issues

• https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/EXPOSED-1049
• Encrypted fields #419

[Leonid Stashevsky (e5l)]

lgtm, please check comments before merging