ci: use shared test and release workflows

[EduardoNGomes]

Summary

• delegate Go tests and race detection to the shared test workflow
• delegate cross-platform release builds, packaging, checksums, and publishing to the shared release workflow
• retain Windows installer checks and the standalone application build verification
• update the remaining local checkout and Go setup actions to v7

Validation

• actionlint -color .github/workflows/*.yml
• go test ./...