Solve race condition in LocalPageStore causing PageCorruptedExceptions

[ELBouslama]

What changes are proposed in this pull request?
This PR switches LocalPageStore.put() to an atomic write-then-rename approach. Instead of writing directly to the final cache file path, we now write to a temporary .tmp file, sync it to disk, and then atomically rename it into place.
This way, any concurrent reader will either see the old complete file or the new complete file — never a half-written one that triggers PageCorruptedException.
If anything goes wrong during the write, the temp file is cleaned up so we don't leave stale artifacts behind.

Why are the changes needed?
We've been hitting PageCorruptedException in production under concurrent read/write workloads. The root cause is straightforward: a reader can open a cache file while a writer is still flushing data to it, resulting in a truncated read.
The write-to-temp + atomic rename pattern is a well-established solution for this class of problem. It guarantees readers only ever observe fully-written pages, eliminating the race condition entirely.

Related to this issue on Trino.
trinodb/trino#25899

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