diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci/workflow_generate.py b/.github/workflows/ci/workflow_generate.py
index 248e12376..a1b646d9c 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/ci/workflow_generate.py
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci/workflow_generate.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class GithubActionsYamlLoader(yaml.SafeLoader):
     @staticmethod
     def _unsupported(kind, token):
         return SyntaxError(
-            "Github Actions does not support %s:\n%s" % (kind, token.start_mark)
+            f"Github Actions does not support {kind}:\n{token.start_mark}"
         )
 
     def fetch_alias(self):
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ def fetch_anchor(self):
 
 for j in context["jobs"]:
     base_type = j["type"].split("_")[0]
-    j["id"] = "%s_%s" % (
+    j["id"] = "{}_{}".format(
         base_type,
         j["variant"].lower().replace(" ", "_").replace(".", ""),
     )
-    j["name"] = "%s (%s)" % (base_type.capitalize(), j["variant"])
+    j["name"] = "{} ({})".format(base_type.capitalize(), j["variant"])
     j["needs"] = j.get("needs", [])
-    j["reqs"] = ["reqs/%s.txt" % r for r in j["reqs"]]
+    j["reqs"] = [f"reqs/{r}.txt" for r in j["reqs"]]
     j["cache_extra_deps"] = j.get("cache_extra_deps", [])
     if "python" not in j:
         j["python"] = context["default_python"]
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def fetch_anchor(self):
             v = "(" + " ".join(map(shlex.quote, v)) + ")"
         else:
             v = shlex.quote(v)
-        shell_definition.append("job_%s=%s" % (k, v))
+        shell_definition.append(f"job_{k}={v}")
     j["shell_definition"] = "; ".join(shell_definition)
 
 # Render template.
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 49d188f09..2716380b5 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
   # Ruff version.
-  rev: v0.14.8 # also update constraints.txt
+  rev: v0.16.0 # also update constraints.txt
   hooks:
     # Run the linter.
     - id: ruff-check
diff --git a/doc/conf.py b/doc/conf.py
index a2b3be8de..bd3b2c745 100644
--- a/doc/conf.py
+++ b/doc/conf.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
-from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer, bygroups
+from typing import ClassVar
+
 from pygments import token as t
+from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer, bygroups
 from sphinx.highlighting import lexers
 
 # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@
 class RTFLexer(RegexLexer):
     name = "rtf"
 
-    tokens = {
+    tokens: ClassVar[dict] = {
         "root": [
             (r"(\\[a-z*\\_~\{\}]+)(-?\d+)?", bygroups(t.Keyword, t.Number.Integer)),
             (r"{\\\*\\cxcomment\s+", t.Comment.Multiline, "comment"),
diff --git a/doc/design.md b/doc/design.md
index 4ae16ee8c..f19e4ef79 100644
--- a/doc/design.md
+++ b/doc/design.md
@@ -195,15 +195,16 @@ and providing a callback function:
 
 ```python
 class MyExtension:
-  def __init__(self, engine: plover.engine.StenoEngine):
-    self.engine = engine
+    def __init__(self, engine: plover.engine.StenoEngine):
+        self.engine = engine
 
-  def start(self):
-    # Connect to the "stroked" hook
-    self.engine.hook_connect("stroked", self._on_stroked)
+    def start(self):
+        # Connect to the "stroked" hook
+        self.engine.hook_connect("stroked", self._on_stroked)
 
-  def _on_stroked(self, stroke: plover.steno.Stroke):
-    ...  # Gets called after each stroke
+    def _on_stroked(
+        self, stroke: plover.steno.Stroke
+    ): ...  # Gets called after each stroke
 ```
 
 Events that occur within the Plover engine, such as machine disconnections,
diff --git a/doc/dict_formats.md b/doc/dict_formats.md
index 741ccc60c..27a8543f5 100644
--- a/doc/dict_formats.md
+++ b/doc/dict_formats.md
@@ -121,18 +121,18 @@ LONGEST_KEY = 1
 
 
 def lookup(outline):
-  assert len(outline) == 1
+    assert len(outline) == 1
 
-  stroke = outline[0]
-  if stroke == "KP-PL":
-    return "example"
-  else:
-    raise KeyError
+    stroke = outline[0]
+    if stroke == "KP-PL":
+        return "example"
+    else:
+        raise KeyError
 
 
 def reverse_lookup(translation):
-  if translation == "example":
-    return [("KP-PL",)]
-  else:
-    return []
+    if translation == "example":
+        return [("KP-PL",)]
+    else:
+        return []
 ```
diff --git a/doc/hardware_communication.md b/doc/hardware_communication.md
index 08e772caa..8f474d0fa 100644
--- a/doc/hardware_communication.md
+++ b/doc/hardware_communication.md
@@ -32,18 +32,18 @@ should translate platform-specific events into calls to
 
 ```python
 class MyKeyboardCapture(Capture):
-  def start(self):
-    self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self._run)
-    self._thread.start()
-
-  def _run(self):
-    while True:
-      key, pressed = ... # wait for key event
-
-      if pressed:
-        self.key_down(key)
-      else:
-        self.key_up(key)
+    def start(self):
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self._run)
+        self._thread.start()
+
+    def _run(self):
+        while True:
+            key, pressed = ...  # wait for key event
+
+            if pressed:
+                self.key_down(key)
+            else:
+                self.key_up(key)
 ```
 
 Plover's engine handles translating these calls into steno strokes, as well as
@@ -57,14 +57,11 @@ specified, by translating them to platform-specific input calls.
 
 ```python
 class MyKeyboardEmulation(Output):
-  def send_backspaces(self, num):
-    ...
+    def send_backspaces(self, num): ...
 
-  def send_string(self, s):
-    ...
+    def send_string(self, s): ...
 
-  def send_key_combination(self, combo):
-    ...
+    def send_key_combination(self, combo): ...
 ```
 
 ## Serial Protocols
@@ -81,12 +78,11 @@ and implement a way to parse each packet.
 
 ```python
 class MySerialMachine(SerialStenotypeBase):
-  KEYS_LAYOUT = """
+    KEYS_LAYOUT = """
     ...
   """
 
-  def run(self):
-    ...
+    def run(self): ...
 ```
 
 ## USB-based Protocols
diff --git a/doc/i18n.md b/doc/i18n.md
index b052a03bc..d321b767a 100644
--- a/doc/i18n.md
+++ b/doc/i18n.md
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ available for sub-modules:
 ```python
 from plover.i18n import Translator
 
-_ = Translator(__package__, resource_dir='messages')
+_ = Translator(__package__, resource_dir="messages")
 ```
 
 Note: don't forget to add `Babel` to your build dependencies (in `pyproject.toml`).
diff --git a/doc/plugin-dev/commands.md b/doc/plugin-dev/commands.md
index 58dca9b64..319a0ed25 100644
--- a/doc/plugin-dev/commands.md
+++ b/doc/plugin-dev/commands.md
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ argument. If an argument is not passed in the dictionary entry, it will be
 ```python
 # plover_my_plugin/command.py
 
+
 def example(engine, argument):
-  pass
+    pass
 ```
 
 Commands can access any of the properties and methods in the engine object
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ passed to it, such as in [`plover_system_switcher`](https://github.com/nsmarkop/
 
 ```python
 def switch_system(engine, system):
-  engine.config = {"system_name": system}
+    engine.config = {"system_name": system}
 ```
 
 They can also interact with the rest of the Python environment, and even other
@@ -43,5 +44,5 @@ programs, such as [`plover_vlc_commands`](https://github.com/benoit-pierre/plove
 
 ```python
 def stop(_, _):
-  _vlc_request("?command=pl_stop")
+    _vlc_request("?command=pl_stop")
 ```
diff --git a/doc/plugin-dev/dictionaries.md b/doc/plugin-dev/dictionaries.md
index 4daa19b24..898efe6da 100644
--- a/doc/plugin-dev/dictionaries.md
+++ b/doc/plugin-dev/dictionaries.md
@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ write your desired dictionary format.
 
 from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionary
 
-class ExampleDictionary(StenoDictionary):
 
-  readonly = False
+class ExampleDictionary(StenoDictionary):
+    readonly = False
 
-  def _load(self, filename):
-    # If you are not maintaining your own state format, self.update is usually
-    # called here to add strokes / definitions to the dictionary state.
-    pass
+    def _load(self, filename):
+        # If you are not maintaining your own state format, self.update is usually
+        # called here to add strokes / definitions to the dictionary state.
+        pass
 
-  def _save(self, filename):
-    pass
+    def _save(self, filename):
+        pass
 ```
 
 Note that setting `readonly` to `True` on your dictionary class will make
@@ -39,18 +39,17 @@ For example, a simplified version of the JSON dictionary implementation:
 
 ```python
 class JsonDictionary(StenoDictionary):
+    def _load(self, filename):
+        with open(filename) as fp:
+            d = dict(json.load(fp))
 
-  def _load(self, filename):
-    with open(filename) as fp:
-      d = dict(json.load(fp))
-
-      # Inserts the entries into the dictionary
-      self.update((normalize_steno(k), v) for k, v in d.items())
+            # Inserts the entries into the dictionary
+            self.update((normalize_steno(k), v) for k, v in d.items())
 
-  def _save(self, filename):
-    with open(filename, "w") as fp:
-      entries = [("/".join(k), v) for k, v in self.items()]
-      json.dump(entries, fp)
+    def _save(self, filename):
+        with open(filename, "w") as fp:
+            entries = [("/".join(k), v) for k, v in self.items()]
+            json.dump(entries, fp)
 ```
 
 Some dictionary formats, such as Python dictionaries, may require implementing
diff --git a/doc/plugin-dev/extensions.md b/doc/plugin-dev/extensions.md
index 9bfd3ad16..d337a5866 100644
--- a/doc/plugin-dev/extensions.md
+++ b/doc/plugin-dev/extensions.md
@@ -12,19 +12,20 @@ plover.extension =
 ```python
 # plover_my_plugin/extension.py
 
+
 class Extension:
-  def __init__(self, engine):
-    # Called once to initialize an instance which lives until Plover exits.
-    self.engine = engine
-
-  def start(self):
-    # Called to start the extension or when the user enables the extension.
-    # It can be used to start a new thread for example.
-    pass
-
-  def stop(self):
-    # Called when Plover exits or the user disables the extension.
-    pass
+    def __init__(self, engine):
+        # Called once to initialize an instance which lives until Plover exits.
+        self.engine = engine
+
+    def start(self):
+        # Called to start the extension or when the user enables the extension.
+        # It can be used to start a new thread for example.
+        pass
+
+    def stop(self):
+        # Called when Plover exits or the user disables the extension.
+        pass
 ```
 
 Extensions can interact with the engine through the
@@ -36,20 +37,20 @@ using the {js:func}`stroked<stroked>` hook:
 
 ```python
 class StrokeLogger:
-  def __init__(self, engine):
-    self.engine = engine
-    self.output_file = None
+    def __init__(self, engine):
+        self.engine = engine
+        self.output_file = None
 
-  def start(self):
-    self.output_file = open("strokes.txt")
+    def start(self):
+        self.output_file = open("strokes.txt")
 
-    # self.on_stroked gets called on every stroke
-    self.engine.hook_connect("stroked", self.on_stroked)
+        # self.on_stroked gets called on every stroke
+        self.engine.hook_connect("stroked", self.on_stroked)
 
-  def stop(self):
-    self.engine.hook_connect("stroked", self.on_stroked)
-    self.output_file.close()
+    def stop(self):
+        self.engine.hook_connect("stroked", self.on_stroked)
+        self.output_file.close()
 
-  def on_stroked(self, stroke):
-    print(stroke, file=self.output_file)
+    def on_stroked(self, stroke):
+        print(stroke, file=self.output_file)
 ```
diff --git a/doc/plugin-dev/gui_tools.md b/doc/plugin-dev/gui_tools.md
index 05339e622..f5cd6a77f 100644
--- a/doc/plugin-dev/gui_tools.md
+++ b/doc/plugin-dev/gui_tools.md
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ from plover_build_utils.setup import BuildPy, BuildUi
 
 BuildPy.build_dependencies.append("build_ui")
 CMDCLASS = {
-  "build_py": BuildPy,
-  "build_ui": BuildUi,
+    "build_py": BuildPy,
+    "build_ui": BuildUi,
 }
 
 setup(cmdclass=CMDCLASS)
@@ -44,18 +44,19 @@ GUI tools are implemented as Qt widget **classes** inheriting from
 
 from plover.gui_qt.tool import Tool
 
+
 # You will also want to import / inherit for your Python class generated by
 # your .ui file if you are using Qt Designer for creating your UI rather
 # than only from code
 class Main(Tool):
-  TITLE = 'Example Tool'
-  ICON = ''
-  ROLE = 'example_tool'
-
-  def __init__(self, engine):
-    super().__init__(engine)
-    # If you are inheriting from your .ui generated class, also call
-    # self.setupUi(self) before any additional setup code
+    TITLE = "Example Tool"
+    ICON = ""
+    ROLE = "example_tool"
+
+    def __init__(self, engine):
+        super().__init__(engine)
+        # If you are inheriting from your .ui generated class, also call
+        # self.setupUi(self) before any additional setup code
 ```
 
 Keep in mind that when you need to make changes to the UI, you will need to
@@ -72,13 +73,13 @@ provides Qt signals to be used as hooks.
 
 ```python
 class StrokeLogger(Tool, Ui_StrokeLogger):
-  def __init__(self, engine):
-    super().__init__(engine)
-    self.setupUi(self)
+    def __init__(self, engine):
+        super().__init__(engine)
+        self.setupUi(self)
 
-    # Instead of engine.hook_connect
-    engine.signal_connect("stroked", self.on_stroked)
+        # Instead of engine.hook_connect
+        engine.signal_connect("stroked", self.on_stroked)
 
-  def on_stroked(self, stroke):
-    pass
+    def on_stroked(self, stroke):
+        pass
 ```
diff --git a/doc/plugin-dev/machines.md b/doc/plugin-dev/machines.md
index 19ea5c532..169235c5c 100644
--- a/doc/plugin-dev/machines.md
+++ b/doc/plugin-dev/machines.md
@@ -22,27 +22,28 @@ classes depending on your needs.
 
 from plover.machine.base import ThreadedStenotypeBase
 
+
 class ExampleMachine(ThreadedStenotypeBase):
-  KEYS_LAYOUT: str = '0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10'
+    KEYS_LAYOUT: str = "0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10"
 
-  def __init__(self, params):
-    super().__init__()
-    self._params = params
+    def __init__(self, params):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._params = params
 
-  def run(self):
-    self._ready()
-    while not self.finished.wait(1):
-      self._notify(self.keymap.keys_to_actions(['1']))
+    def run(self):
+        self._ready()
+        while not self.finished.wait(1):
+            self._notify(self.keymap.keys_to_actions(["1"]))
 
-  def start_capture(self):
-    super().start_capture()
+    def start_capture(self):
+        super().start_capture()
 
-  def stop_capture(self):
-    super().stop_capture()
+    def stop_capture(self):
+        super().stop_capture()
 
-  @classmethod
-  def get_option_info(cls):
-    pass
+    @classmethod
+    def get_option_info(cls):
+        pass
 ```
 
 The `_notify` method should be called whenever a stroke is received. It takes
@@ -80,9 +81,10 @@ Machine options plugins are implemented as Qt widget **classes**:
 
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget
 
+
 class ExampleMachineOption(QWidget):
-  def setValue(self, value):
-    pass
+    def setValue(self, value):
+        pass
 ```
 
 The process for developing these is similar to that for [GUI tools](gui_tools).
diff --git a/doc/plugin-dev/macros.md b/doc/plugin-dev/macros.md
index 2c5adf015..148c4cc23 100644
--- a/doc/plugin-dev/macros.md
+++ b/doc/plugin-dev/macros.md
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ If an argument is not passed in the dictionary entry, it will be `''`.
 ```python
 # plover_my_plugin/macro.py
 
+
 def example(translator, stroke, argument):
-  pass
+    pass
 ```
 
 Various methods of the translator can be used to either access or undo
diff --git a/doc/plugin-dev/metas.md b/doc/plugin-dev/metas.md
index a17ce2ef2..1ff470651 100644
--- a/doc/plugin-dev/metas.md
+++ b/doc/plugin-dev/metas.md
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ as the basis for the output value. Previously translated text can also be access
 ```python
 # plover_my_plugin/meta.py
 
+
 def example(ctx, argument):
-  pass
+    pass
 ```
 
 % TODO:
diff --git a/linux/appimage/pyinfo.py b/linux/appimage/pyinfo.py
index a30a8a2fe..87c4fbe23 100644
--- a/linux/appimage/pyinfo.py
+++ b/linux/appimage/pyinfo.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-from distutils import sysconfig
 import sys
+from distutils import sysconfig
 
 print(
     "; ".join(
-        "py%s=%r" % (k, v)
+        f"py{k}={v!r}"
         for k, v in sorted(
             {
                 "exe": sys.executable,
diff --git a/osx/dmg_resources/settings.py b/osx/dmg_resources/settings.py
index ce96e7b25..c4358a01f 100644
--- a/osx/dmg_resources/settings.py
+++ b/osx/dmg_resources/settings.py
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import plistlib
 import os.path
+import plistlib
 
 # `defines` is injected by dmgbuild; default to empty for linters.
 defines = globals().get("defines", {})
diff --git a/osx/find_non_universal_wheels.py b/osx/find_non_universal_wheels.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
diff --git a/plover/__main__.py b/plover/__main__.py
index 53a5b3fe4..c0fdc7806 100644
--- a/plover/__main__.py
+++ b/plover/__main__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from plover.scripts.main import main
 
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/plover/command/set_config.py b/plover/command/set_config.py
index e4e242e73..3f71789e1 100644
--- a/plover/command/set_config.py
+++ b/plover/command/set_config.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def _cmdline_to_dict(cmdline):
         return opt_dict
     except (AssertionError, SyntaxError, ValueError) as e:
         raise ValueError(
-            'Bad command string "%s" for PLOVER:SET_CONFIG.\n' % cmdline
+            f'Bad command string "{cmdline}" for PLOVER:SET_CONFIG.\n'
             + "See for reference:\n\n"
             + set_config.__doc__
         ) from e
diff --git a/plover/config.py b/plover/config.py
index b01ef2ddd..1fdaf2ac7 100644
--- a/plover/config.py
+++ b/plover/config.py
@@ -4,20 +4,19 @@
 """This modules handles reading and writing Plover's configuration files, as well
 as updating the configuration on-the-fly while Plover is running."""
 
-from collections import ChainMap, namedtuple, OrderedDict
 import configparser
 import json
 import re
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from collections import ChainMap, OrderedDict, namedtuple
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
+from plover import log
 from plover.exception import InvalidConfigurationError
-from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE, SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER
+from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER, SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE
 from plover.machine.keymap import Keymap
+from plover.misc import boolean, expand_path, shorten_path
 from plover.registry import registry
 from plover.resource import resource_update
-from plover.misc import boolean, expand_path, shorten_path
-from plover import log
-
 
 # General configuration sections, options and defaults.
 APPEARANCE_CONFIG_SECTION = "Appearance"
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ def short_path(self) -> str:
         """The shortened path to the dictionary file. This is automatically calculated from :attr:`path`."""
         return shorten_path(self.path)
 
-    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Returns the ``dict`` representation of the dictionary configuration."""
         # Note: do not use _asdict because of
         # https://bugs.python.org/issue24931
@@ -69,12 +68,12 @@ def replace(self, **kwargs) -> "DictionaryConfig":
         return self._replace(**kwargs)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def from_dict(d: Dict[str, Any]) -> "DictionaryConfig":
+    def from_dict(d: dict[str, Any]) -> "DictionaryConfig":
         """Returns a :class:`DictionaryConfig` constructed from its ``dict`` representation."""
         return DictionaryConfig(**d)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "DictionaryConfig(%r, %r)" % (self.short_path, self.enabled)
+        return f"DictionaryConfig({self.short_path!r}, {self.enabled!r})"
 
 
 ConfigOption = namedtuple(
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ def getter(config, key):
     def setter(config, key, value):
         if isinstance(value, set):
             # JSON does not support sets.
-            value = list(sorted(value))
+            value = sorted(value)
         config._set(
             section, option, json.dumps(value, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False)
         )
@@ -153,7 +152,9 @@ def validate(config, key, value):
         if (minimum is not None and value < minimum) or (
             maximum is not None and value > maximum
         ):
-            message = "%s not in [%s, %s]" % (value, minimum or "-∞", maximum or "∞")
+            message = "{} not in [{}, {}]".format(
+                value, minimum or "-∞", maximum or "∞"
+            )
             raise InvalidConfigOption(value, default, message)
         return value
 
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ def legacy_getter(config):
         options = config._config[LEGACY_DICTIONARY_CONFIG_SECTION].items()
         return [
             {"path": value}
-            for name, value in reversed(sorted(options))
+            for name, value in sorted(options, reverse=True)
             if re.match(r"dictionary_file\d*$", name) is not None
         ]
 
@@ -418,9 +419,11 @@ def clear(self) -> None:
 
     def save(self) -> None:
         """Writes the current state of the configuration to the configuration file."""
-        with resource_update(self.path) as temp_path:
-            with open(temp_path, mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
-                self._config.write(fp)
+        with (
+            resource_update(self.path) as temp_path,
+            open(temp_path, mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as fp,
+        ):
+            self._config.write(fp)
 
     def _set(self, section, option, value):
         if not self._config.has_section(section):
@@ -430,7 +433,7 @@ def _set(self, section, option, value):
     # Note: order matters, e.g. machine_type comes before
     # machine_specific_options and system_keymap because
     # the latter depend on the former.
-    _OPTIONS = OrderedDict(
+    _OPTIONS: ClassVar[OrderedDict] = OrderedDict(
         (opt.name, opt)
         for opt in [
             # Output.
@@ -532,7 +535,7 @@ def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
         opt.setter(self, key, value)
         self._cache[key] = value
 
-    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def as_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Returns the ``dict`` representation of the current state of the
         configuration.
         """
diff --git a/plover/dictionary/base.py b/plover/dictionary/base.py
index b0c4e090a..9654f3c9a 100644
--- a/plover/dictionary/base.py
+++ b/plover/dictionary/base.py
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 
 """Common elements to all dictionary formats."""
 
-from os.path import splitext
 import functools
 import threading
+from os.path import splitext
 
 from plover.registry import registry
 
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ def _get_dictionary_class(filename):
         dict_module = registry.get_plugin("dictionary", extension).obj
     except KeyError:
         raise ValueError(
-            "Unsupported extension: %s. Supported extensions: %s"
-            % (
+            "Unsupported extension: {}. Supported extensions: {}".format(
                 extension,
                 ", ".join(
                     plugin.name for plugin in registry.list_plugins("dictionary")
diff --git a/plover/dictionary/json_dict.py b/plover/dictionary/json_dict.py
index eb7d04fe3..e3a6abe49 100644
--- a/plover/dictionary/json_dict.py
+++ b/plover/dictionary/json_dict.py
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
     import json
 
 from plover.dictionary.helpers import StenoNormalizer
-from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionary
 from plover.steno import steno_to_sort_key
+from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionary
 
 
 class JsonDictionary(StenoDictionary):
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def _load(self, filename):
             else:
                 break
         else:
-            raise ValueError("'%s' encoding could not be determined" % (filename,))
+            raise ValueError(f"'{filename}' encoding could not be determined")
         d = dict(json.loads(contents))
         with StenoNormalizer(filename) as normalize_steno:
             self.update((normalize_steno(x[0]), x[1]) for x in d.items())
diff --git a/plover/dictionary/loading_manager.py b/plover/dictionary/loading_manager.py
index e4984256d..b46d98c69 100644
--- a/plover/dictionary/loading_manager.py
+++ b/plover/dictionary/loading_manager.py
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 import threading
 import time
 
+from plover import log
 from plover.dictionary.base import load_dictionary
 from plover.resource import resource_timestamp
-from plover import log
 
 
 class DictionaryLoadingManager:
diff --git a/plover/dictionary/rtfcre_dict.py b/plover/dictionary/rtfcre_dict.py
index 65f0be010..797aefb96 100644
--- a/plover/dictionary/rtfcre_dict.py
+++ b/plover/dictionary/rtfcre_dict.py
@@ -23,12 +23,11 @@
 
 from .rtfcre_parse import parse_rtfcre
 
-
 HEADER = (
     r"{\rtf1\ansi{\*\cxrev100}"
-    r"\cxdict{\*\cxsystem Plover %s}"
+    rf"\cxdict{{\*\cxsystem Plover {plover_version}}}"
     r"{\stylesheet{\s0 Normal;}}"
-) % plover_version
+)
 
 
 class RegexFormatter:
@@ -148,6 +147,6 @@ def _save(self, filename):
             for s, t in self.items():
                 s = "/".join(s)
                 t = translation_formatter.format(t)
-                entry = r"{\*\cxs %s}%s" % (s, t)
+                entry = rf"{{\*\cxs {s}}}{t}"
                 print(entry, file=fp)
             print("}", file=fp)
diff --git a/plover/dictionary/rtfcre_parse.py b/plover/dictionary/rtfcre_parse.py
index cafc5b9f8..520052522 100644
--- a/plover/dictionary/rtfcre_parse.py
+++ b/plover/dictionary/rtfcre_parse.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from collections import deque
-import sys
 import re
+import sys
+from collections import deque
 
 from rtf_tokenize import RtfTokenizer
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 class RtfParseError(Exception):
     def __init__(self, lnum, cnum, fmt, *fmt_args):
-        msg = "line %u, column %u: %s" % (lnum + 1, cnum + 1, fmt % fmt_args)
+        msg = f"line {lnum + 1}, column {cnum + 1}: {fmt % fmt_args}"
         super().__init__(msg)
 
 
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ def main(todo, filename):
             token = tokenizer.next_token()
             if token is None:
                 break
-            print("%3u:%-3u %r" % (tokenizer.lnum + 1, tokenizer.cnum + 1, token))
+            print(f"{tokenizer.lnum + 1:3}:{tokenizer.cnum + 1:<3} {token!r}")
     elif todo == "dump_parse":
         for mapping in parse_rtfcre(text):
             print(mapping)
diff --git a/plover/engine.py b/plover/engine.py
index f1159b171..a1fd096e7 100644
--- a/plover/engine.py
+++ b/plover/engine.py
@@ -3,21 +3,22 @@
 and dictionaries.
 """
 
-from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
-from functools import wraps
-from queue import Queue
 import functools
 import os
 import shutil
 import threading
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from collections import OrderedDict, namedtuple
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from functools import wraps
+from queue import Queue
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
 from plover import log, system
 from plover.dictionary.loading_manager import DictionaryLoadingManager
 from plover.formatting import (
-    Formatter,
-    SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE,
     SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER,
+    SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE,
+    Formatter,
 )
 from plover.misc import shorten_path
 from plover.registry import registry
@@ -27,14 +28,13 @@
 from plover.suggestions import Suggestions
 from plover.translation import Translator
 
-
 StartingStrokeState = namedtuple(
     "StartingStrokeState",
     "attach capitalize space_char space_placement",
     defaults=(False, False, " ", None),
 )
 
-StartingStrokeState.__doc__ = """An object representing the starting state of the formatter before any
+StartingStrokeState.__doc__ = f"""An object representing the starting state of the formatter before any
 strokes are input.
 
 Attributes:
@@ -46,10 +46,7 @@
     space_placement (Optional[str]): The space placement to use for this state.
         One of ``{SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE}`` or ``{SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER}``. If ``None``, the current
         engine configuration is used.
-""".format(
-    SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE=SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE,
-    SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER=SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER,
-)
+"""
 
 MachineParams = namedtuple("MachineParams", "type options keymap")
 
@@ -152,24 +149,24 @@ class StenoEngine:
 
     """
 
-    HOOKS: List[str] = """
-    stroked
-    translated
-    machine_state_changed
-    output_changed
-    config_changed
-    dictionaries_loaded
-    dictionary_state_changed
-    send_string
-    send_backspaces
-    send_key_combination
-    add_translation
-    focus
-    configure
-    lookup
-    suggestions
-    quit
-    """.split()
+    HOOKS: ClassVar[list[str]] = [
+        "stroked",
+        "translated",
+        "machine_state_changed",
+        "output_changed",
+        "config_changed",
+        "dictionaries_loaded",
+        "dictionary_state_changed",
+        "send_string",
+        "send_backspaces",
+        "send_key_combination",
+        "add_translation",
+        "focus",
+        "configure",
+        "lookup",
+        "suggestions",
+        "quit",
+    ]
 
     def __init__(self, config: Any, controller: Any, keyboard_emulation: Any):
         self._config = config
@@ -372,14 +369,13 @@ def _load_dictionaries(self):
         )
         dictionaries = []
         for d in self._dictionaries_manager.load(config_dictionaries.keys()):
-            if isinstance(d, ErroredDictionary):
-                # Only show an error if it's new.
-                if d != self._dictionaries.get(d.path):
-                    log.error(
-                        "loading dictionary `%s` failed: %s",
-                        shorten_path(d.path),
-                        str(d.exception),
-                    )
+            # Only show an error if it's new.
+            if isinstance(d, ErroredDictionary) and d != self._dictionaries.get(d.path):
+                log.error(
+                    "loading dictionary `%s` failed: %s",
+                    shorten_path(d.path),
+                    str(d.exception),
+                )
             d.enabled = config_dictionaries[d.path].enabled
             dictionaries.append(d)
         self._set_dictionaries(dictionaries)
@@ -551,7 +547,7 @@ def set_output(self, enabled: bool) -> None:
 
     @property
     @with_lock
-    def machine_state(self) -> Optional[str]:
+    def machine_state(self) -> str | None:
         """The connection state of the current machine.
 
         One of ``stopped``, ``initializing``, ``connected`` or ``disconnected``.
@@ -570,7 +566,7 @@ def output(self, enabled):
 
     @property
     @with_lock
-    def config(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def config(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """A dictionary containing configuration options."""
         return self._config.as_dict()
 
@@ -640,26 +636,26 @@ def join(self) -> int:
         return self.code
 
     @with_lock
-    def lookup(self, translation: Tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
+    def lookup(self, translation: tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
         """Returns the first translation for the steno outline ``translation`` using
         all the filters.
         """
         return self._dictionaries.lookup(translation)
 
     @with_lock
-    def raw_lookup(self, translation: Tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
+    def raw_lookup(self, translation: tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
         """Like :meth:`lookup`, but without any of the filters."""
         return self._dictionaries.raw_lookup(translation)
 
     @with_lock
-    def lookup_from_all(self, translation: Tuple[str, ...]):
+    def lookup_from_all(self, translation: tuple[str, ...]):
         """Returns all translations for the steno outline ``translation`` using
         all the filters.
         """
         return self._dictionaries.lookup_from_all(translation)
 
     @with_lock
-    def raw_lookup_from_all(self, translation: Tuple[str, ...]):
+    def raw_lookup_from_all(self, translation: tuple[str, ...]):
         """Like :meth:`lookup_from_all`, but without any of the filters."""
         return self._dictionaries.raw_lookup_from_all(translation)
 
@@ -675,7 +671,7 @@ def casereverse_lookup(self, translation: str):
 
     @with_lock
     def add_dictionary_filter(
-        self, dictionary_filter: Callable[[Tuple[str, ...], str], bool]
+        self, dictionary_filter: Callable[[tuple[str, ...], str], bool]
     ) -> None:
         """Adds ``dictionary_filter`` to the list of dictionary filters.
 
@@ -686,7 +682,7 @@ def add_dictionary_filter(
 
     @with_lock
     def remove_dictionary_filter(
-        self, dictionary_filter: Callable[[Tuple[str, ...], str], bool]
+        self, dictionary_filter: Callable[[tuple[str, ...], str], bool]
     ) -> None:
         """Removes ``dictionary_filter`` from the list of dictionary filters."""
         self._dictionaries.remove_filter(dictionary_filter)
@@ -752,9 +748,9 @@ def starting_stroke_state(self, state):
     @with_lock
     def add_translation(
         self,
-        strokes: Tuple[str, ...],
+        strokes: tuple[str, ...],
         translation: str,
-        dictionary_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        dictionary_path: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Adds a steno entry mapping the steno outline ``strokes`` to
         ``translation`` in the dictionary at ``dictionary_path``, if specified,
diff --git a/plover/exception.py b/plover/exception.py
index 1aeb83623..d2e327bd0 100644
--- a/plover/exception.py
+++ b/plover/exception.py
@@ -11,5 +11,3 @@
 
 class InvalidConfigurationError(Exception):
     "Raised when there is something wrong in the configuration."
-
-    pass
diff --git a/plover/formatting.py b/plover/formatting.py
index 7f9ae825a..5eb2e49c9 100644
--- a/plover/formatting.py
+++ b/plover/formatting.py
@@ -7,27 +7,26 @@
 
 """
 
-from enum import Enum
-from os.path import commonprefix
-from collections import namedtuple
 import re
 import string
+from collections import namedtuple
+from enum import Enum
+from os.path import commonprefix
 
 from plover.registry import registry
 
-
 Case = Enum(
     "case",
     (
         (c, c.lower())
-        for c in """
-                     CAP_FIRST_WORD
-                     LOWER
-                     LOWER_FIRST_CHAR
-                     TITLE
-                     UPPER
-                     UPPER_FIRST_WORD
-                     """.split()
+        for c in [
+            "CAP_FIRST_WORD",
+            "LOWER",
+            "LOWER_FIRST_CHAR",
+            "TITLE",
+            "UPPER",
+            "UPPER_FIRST_WORD",
+        ]
     ),
 )
 
@@ -134,31 +133,15 @@ def parse(meta):
 
 
 ATOM_RE = re.compile(
-    r"""(?:%s%s|%s%s|[^%s%s])+ # One or more of anything
-                                                # other than unescaped { or }
+    rf"""(?:{RE_META_ESCAPE}{META_START}|{RE_META_ESCAPE}{META_END}|[^{META_START}{META_END}])+ # One or more of anything
+                                                # other than unescaped {{ or }}
                                                 #
                                               | # or
                                                 #
-                     %s(?:%s%s|%s%s|[^%s%s])*%s # Anything of the form {X}
+                     {META_START}(?:{RE_META_ESCAPE}{META_START}|{RE_META_ESCAPE}{META_END}|[^{META_START}{META_END}])*{META_END} # Anything of the form {{X}}
                                                 # where X doesn't contain
-                                                # unescaped { or }
-                      """
-    % (
-        RE_META_ESCAPE,
-        META_START,
-        RE_META_ESCAPE,
-        META_END,
-        META_START,
-        META_END,
-        META_START,
-        RE_META_ESCAPE,
-        META_START,
-        RE_META_ESCAPE,
-        META_END,
-        META_START,
-        META_END,
-        META_END,
-    ),
+                                                # unescaped {{ or }}
+                      """,
     re.VERBOSE,
 )
 
@@ -751,11 +734,11 @@ def __ne__(self, other):
 
     def __str__(self):
         kwargs = [
-            "%s=%r" % (k, v)
+            f"{k}={v!r}"
             for k, v in self.__dict__.items()
             if v != self.DEFAULT.__dict__[k]
         ]
-        return "Action(%s)" % ", ".join(sorted(kwargs))
+        return "Action({})".format(", ".join(sorted(kwargs)))
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return str(self)
@@ -783,7 +766,7 @@ def __getattr__(self, name):
         return getattr(self.action, name)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "LookAheadAction(%s)" % str(self.__dict__)
+        return f"LookAheadAction({self.__dict__!s})"
 
 
 def _translation_to_actions(translation, ctx):
@@ -922,7 +905,7 @@ def apply_case(text, case):
         return lower_first_character(text)
     if case == Case.UPPER_FIRST_WORD:
         return upper_first_word(text)
-    raise ValueError("%r is not a valid case" % case)
+    raise ValueError(f"{case!r} is not a valid case")
 
 
 def apply_mode(text, case, space_char, begin, last_action):
@@ -952,7 +935,7 @@ def apply_mode_case(text, case, appended):
         if appended:
             return text
         return capitalize_all_words(text)
-    raise ValueError("%r is not a valid case" % case)
+    raise ValueError(f"{case!r} is not a valid case")
 
 
 def apply_mode_space_char(text, space_char):
diff --git a/plover/gui_none/engine.py b/plover/gui_none/engine.py
index 5153b4939..b9f6aead4 100644
--- a/plover/gui_none/engine.py
+++ b/plover/gui_none/engine.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from threading import Thread, current_thread
 
 from plover.engine import StenoEngine
-
 from plover.gui_none.add_translation import AddTranslation
 
 
diff --git a/plover/gui_none/main.py b/plover/gui_none/main.py
index b562c2e77..6548b313b 100644
--- a/plover/gui_none/main.py
+++ b/plover/gui_none/main.py
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 from threading import Event
 
-from plover.oslayer.keyboardcontrol import KeyboardEmulation
-
 from plover.gui_none.engine import Engine
+from plover.oslayer.keyboardcontrol import KeyboardEmulation
 
 
 def show_error(title, message):
-    print("%s: %s" % (title, message))
+    print(f"{title}: {message}")
 
 
 def main(config, controller):
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/about_dialog.py b/plover/gui_qt/about_dialog.py
index 4ce99b48a..8878e1185 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/about_dialog.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/about_dialog.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import QDialog
 
 import plover
-
 from plover.gui_qt.about_dialog_ui import Ui_AboutDialog
 
 
@@ -19,28 +18,27 @@ def __init__(self, engine):
         self.text.setHtml(
             """
             <style>
-            h1 {text-align:center;}
-            h2 {text-align:center;}
-            p {text-align:center;}
+            h1 {{text-align:center;}}
+            h2 {{text-align:center;}}
+            p {{text-align:center;}}
             </style>
-            <p><img src="%(icon)s"/></p>
-            <h1>%(name)s %(version)s</h1>
-            <p>%(description)s</p>
-            <p><i>Copyright %(copyright)s</i></p>
-            <p>License: <a href="%(license_url)s">%(license)s</a></p>
-            <p>Project Homepage: <a href='%(url)s'>%(url)s</a></p>
+            <p><img src="{icon}"/></p>
+            <h1>{name} {version}</h1>
+            <p>{description}</p>
+            <p><i>Copyright {copyright}</i></p>
+            <p>License: <a href="{license_url}">{license}</a></p>
+            <p>Project Homepage: <a href='{url}'>{url}</a></p>
             <h2>Credits:</h2>
-            <p>%(credits)s</p>
-            """
-            % {
-                "icon": ":/resources/plover.png",
-                "name": plover.__name__.capitalize(),
-                "version": plover.__version__,
-                "description": plover.__long_description__,
-                "copyright": plover.__copyright__.replace("(C)", "&copy;"),
-                "license": plover.__license__,
-                "license_url": "https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0-standalone.html",
-                "url": plover.__download_url__,
-                "credits": credits,
-            }
+            <p>{credits}</p>
+            """.format(
+                icon=":/resources/plover.png",
+                name=plover.__name__.capitalize(),
+                version=plover.__version__,
+                description=plover.__long_description__,
+                copyright=plover.__copyright__.replace("(C)", "&copy;"),
+                license=plover.__license__,
+                license_url="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0-standalone.html",
+                url=plover.__download_url__,
+                credits=credits,
+            )
         )
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py b/plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py
index 364f83e26..60b1401a7 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import QDialogButtonBox
 
 from plover import _
-
 from plover.gui_qt.add_translation_dialog_ui import Ui_AddTranslationDialog
 from plover.gui_qt.tool import Tool
 
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py b/plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py
index b26c79dbd..97444b4e9 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py
@@ -7,16 +7,14 @@
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
 
 from plover import _
-from plover.misc import shorten_path
-from plover.steno import normalize_steno, sort_steno_strokes
 from plover.engine import StartingStrokeState
-from plover.translation import escape_translation, unescape_translation
-from plover.formatting import RetroFormatter
-from plover.resource import resource_filename
-
-from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE
+from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE, RetroFormatter
 from plover.gui_qt.add_translation_widget_ui import Ui_AddTranslationWidget
 from plover.gui_qt.steno_validator import StenoValidator
+from plover.misc import shorten_path
+from plover.resource import resource_filename
+from plover.steno import normalize_steno, sort_steno_strokes
+from plover.translation import escape_translation, unescape_translation
 
 
 class AddTranslationWidget(QWidget, Ui_AddTranslationWidget):
@@ -109,9 +107,11 @@ def eventFilter(self, watched, event):
                 self._focus_strokes()
             elif watched == self.translation:
                 self._focus_translation()
-        elif event.type() == QEvent.Type.FocusOut:
-            if watched in (self.strokes, self.translation):
-                self._unfocus()
+        elif event.type() == QEvent.Type.FocusOut and watched in (
+            self.strokes,
+            self.translation,
+        ):
+            self._unfocus()
         return False
 
     def _set_engine_state(self, state):
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/appearance.py b/plover/gui_qt/appearance.py
index e2cc0e8e2..3acf6437e 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/appearance.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/appearance.py
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-from typing import Optional
-from plover import log
-
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
 from PySide6.QtGui import QGuiApplication
 
+from plover import log
+
 MODE_SYSTEM = "system"
 MODE_LIGHT = "light"
 MODE_DARK = "dark"
 
 
-def _set_mode(mode: Optional[str]) -> None:
+def _set_mode(mode: str | None) -> None:
     """Apply the requested mode to the current Qt application.
 
     This function tweaks Qt's idea of the platform color scheme via
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/config_window.py b/plover/gui_qt/config_window.py
index 9fce08622..006c4f0ad 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/config_window.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/config_window.py
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
     Signal,
     Slot,
 )
-from typing import Set
-
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QAbstractScrollArea,
     QCheckBox,
@@ -18,8 +16,8 @@
     QFileDialog,
     QFormLayout,
     QFrame,
-    QHeaderView,
     QGroupBox,
+    QHeaderView,
     QLabel,
     QScrollArea,
     QSizePolicy,
@@ -30,16 +28,15 @@
 )
 
 from plover import _
-from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE, SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER
-from plover.config import MINIMUM_UNDO_LEVELS, MINIMUM_TIME_BETWEEN_KEY_PRESSES
+from plover.config import MINIMUM_TIME_BETWEEN_KEY_PRESSES, MINIMUM_UNDO_LEVELS
+from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER, SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE
 from plover.gui_qt import appearance
-from plover.misc import expand_path, shorten_path
-from plover.registry import registry
-from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
-
-from plover.gui_qt.config_window_ui import Ui_ConfigWindow
 from plover.gui_qt.config_file_widget_ui import Ui_FileWidget
+from plover.gui_qt.config_window_ui import Ui_ConfigWindow
 from plover.gui_qt.utils import WindowStateMixin
+from plover.misc import expand_path, shorten_path
+from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
+from plover.registry import registry
 
 
 class NopeOption(QLabel):
@@ -229,7 +226,7 @@ def __init__(self, choices=None, labels=None):
         super().__init__()
         if labels is None:
             labels = self.LABELS
-        self._value: Set[str] = set()
+        self._value: set[str] = set()
         self._updating = False
         self._choices = {} if choices is None else choices
         self._reversed_choices = {
@@ -323,7 +320,7 @@ def __init__(
         widget_class,
         help_text="",
         dependents=(),
-        additional_widget_classes=[],
+        additional_widget_classes=(),
     ):
         self.display_name = display_name
         self.option_name = option_name
@@ -711,7 +708,7 @@ def _machine_option(self, *args):
         for klass in machine_class.mro():
             # Look for `module_name:class_name` before `class_name`.
             for name in (
-                "%s:%s" % (klass.__module__, klass.__name__),
+                f"{klass.__module__}:{klass.__name__}",
                 klass.__name__,
             ):
                 opt_class = machine_options.get(name)
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/console_widget.py b/plover/gui_qt/console_widget.py
index 8e2208938..2b47e3eee 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/console_widget.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/console_widget.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 
 from plover.gui_qt.console_widget_ui import Ui_ConsoleWidget
 
-
-NULL = open(os.devnull, "r+b")
+# Deliberately kept open for the widget's whole lifetime.
+NULL = open(os.devnull, "r+b")  # noqa: SIM115
 
 
 class ConsoleWidget(QWidget, Ui_ConsoleWidget):
@@ -67,8 +67,7 @@ def _subprocess(self):
             if not line:
                 break
             line = line.decode()
-            if line.endswith(os.linesep):
-                line = line[: -len(os.linesep)]
+            line = line.removesuffix(os.linesep)
             print(line)
             self.textOutput.emit(line)
         self.processFinished.emit(self._proc.wait())
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py b/plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py
index 19eb78eaf..5e4a885b2 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 from PySide6.QtCore import (
     QAbstractListModel,
@@ -22,13 +23,12 @@
 from plover.config import DictionaryConfig
 from plover.dictionary.base import create_dictionary
 from plover.engine import ErroredDictionary
-from plover.misc import normalize_path
-from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR
-from plover.registry import registry
-
 from plover.gui_qt.dictionaries_widget_ui import Ui_DictionariesWidget
 from plover.gui_qt.dictionary_editor import DictionaryEditor
 from plover.gui_qt.utils import ToolBar
+from plover.misc import normalize_path
+from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR
+from plover.registry import registry
 
 
 def _dictionary_formats(include_readonly=True):
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ def _new_dictionary(filename):
         yield d
         d.save()
     except Exception as e:
-        raise Exception("creating dictionary %s failed. %s" % (filename, e)) from e
+        raise RuntimeError(f"creating dictionary {filename} failed. {e}") from e
 
 
 class DictionariesModel(QAbstractListModel):
     class DictionaryItem:
-        __slots__ = "row path enabled short_path _loaded state".split()
+        __slots__ = ["_loaded", "enabled", "path", "row", "short_path", "state"]
 
         def __init__(self, row, config, loaded=None):
             self.row = row
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def config(self):
         def is_loaded(self):
             return self.state not in {"loading", "error"}
 
-    SUPPORTED_ROLES = [
+    SUPPORTED_ROLES: ClassVar[list] = [
         Qt.ItemDataRole.AccessibleTextRole,
         Qt.ItemDataRole.CheckStateRole,
         Qt.ItemDataRole.DecorationRole,
@@ -370,7 +370,9 @@ def undo(self):
 
     # Model API.
 
-    def rowCount(self, parent=QModelIndex()):
+    def rowCount(self, parent=None):
+        if parent is None:
+            parent = QModelIndex()
         return 0 if parent.isValid() else len(self._from_row)
 
     def flags(self, index):
@@ -523,8 +525,8 @@ def setup(self, engine):
         self._model = DictionariesModel(
             engine,
             {
-                name: QIcon(":resources/dictionary_%s.svg" % name)
-                for name in "favorite loading error readonly normal".split()
+                name: QIcon(f":resources/dictionary_{name}.svg")
+                for name in ["favorite", "loading", "error", "readonly", "normal"]
             },
         )
         self._model.has_undo_changed.connect(self.toggle_undo_action)
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py b/plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py
index 04781b34e..4d51c88a5 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from operator import attrgetter, itemgetter
 from collections import namedtuple
 from itertools import chain
+from operator import attrgetter, itemgetter
+
 from PySide6.QtCore import QAbstractTableModel, QModelIndex, Qt, Slot
 from PySide6.QtGui import QIcon
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
@@ -10,14 +11,12 @@
 )
 
 from plover import _
-from plover.translation import escape_translation, unescape_translation
-from plover.misc import expand_path, shorten_path
-from plover.steno import normalize_steno, steno_to_sort_key
-
 from plover.gui_qt.dictionary_editor_ui import Ui_DictionaryEditor
 from plover.gui_qt.steno_validator import StenoValidator
 from plover.gui_qt.utils import ToolBar, WindowStateMixin
-
+from plover.misc import expand_path, shorten_path
+from plover.steno import normalize_steno, steno_to_sort_key
+from plover.translation import escape_translation, unescape_translation
 
 _COL_STENO, _COL_TRANS, _COL_DICT, _COL_COUNT = range(3 + 1)
 
@@ -256,11 +255,15 @@ def setData(self, index, value, role=Qt.ItemDataRole.EditRole, record=True):
             del old_item.dictionary[old_item.strokes]
         except KeyError:
             pass
-        if not old_item.strokes and not old_item.translation:
-            # Merge operations when editing a newly added row.
-            if self._operations and self._operations[-1] == [(None, old_item)]:
-                self._operations.pop()
-                old_item = None
+        # Merge operations when editing a newly added row.
+        if (
+            not old_item.strokes
+            and not old_item.translation
+            and self._operations
+            and self._operations[-1] == [(None, old_item)]
+        ):
+            self._operations.pop()
+            old_item = None
         new_item = DictionaryItem(steno, translation, dictionary)
         self._entries[row] = new_item
         dictionary[strokes] = translation
@@ -326,12 +329,11 @@ def __init__(self, engine, dictionary_paths):
         background = self.table.palette().highlightedText().color().name()
         text_color = self.table.palette().highlight().color().name()
         self.table.setStyleSheet(
-            """
-                                 QTableView::item:focus {
-                                     background-color: %s;
-                                     color: %s;
-                                }"""
-            % (background, text_color)
+            f"""
+                                 QTableView::item:focus {{
+                                     background-color: {background};
+                                     color: {text_color};
+                                }}"""
         )
         self.table.setFocus()
         for action in (
@@ -353,8 +355,8 @@ def __init__(self, engine, dictionary_paths):
 
     @property
     def _selection(self):
-        return list(
-            sorted(index.row() for index in self.table.selectionModel().selectedRows(0))
+        return sorted(
+            index.row() for index in self.table.selectionModel().selectedRows(0)
         )
 
     def _select(self, row, edit=False):
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/info_browser.py b/plover/gui_qt/info_browser.py
index 41bf9e41a..fc9f5451b 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/info_browser.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/info_browser.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QTextDocument
 import re
-from PySide6.QtWidgets import QTextBrowser
-from PySide6.QtCore import QUrl, Signal
 
-from plover.plugins_manager.requests import CachedSession, CachedFuturesSession
+from PySide6.QtCore import QUrl, Signal
+from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QTextDocument
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import QTextBrowser
 
 from plover import log
+from plover.plugins_manager.requests import CachedFuturesSession, CachedSession
 
 
 class InfoBrowser(QTextBrowser):
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py b/plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py
index 51727784b..e828d9c9e 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 from PySide6.QtCore import QEvent, Qt, Slot
 
 from plover import _
-from plover.translation import unescape_translation
-
 from plover.gui_qt.lookup_dialog_ui import Ui_LookupDialog
 from plover.gui_qt.tool import Tool
+from plover.translation import unescape_translation
 
 
 class LookupDialog(Tool, Ui_LookupDialog):
@@ -26,12 +25,10 @@ def __init__(self, engine):
         self.finished.connect(self.save_state)
 
     def eventFilter(self, watched, event):
-        if event.type() == QEvent.Type.KeyPress and event.key() in (
-            Qt.Key.Key_Enter,
-            Qt.Key.Key_Return,
-        ):
-            return True
-        return False
+        return bool(
+            event.type() == QEvent.Type.KeyPress
+            and event.key() in (Qt.Key.Key_Enter, Qt.Key.Key_Return)
+        )
 
     def _update_suggestions(self, suggestion_list):
         self.suggestions.clear()
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py b/plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py
index 9f3bc83b6..08a61edc7 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 from PySide6.QtGui import (
     QIntValidator,
     QTextCharFormat,
-    QTextFrameFormat,
-    QTextListFormat,
     QTextCursor,
     QTextDocument,
+    QTextFrameFormat,
+    QTextListFormat,
 )
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QGroupBox,
@@ -16,18 +16,16 @@
     QStyledItemDelegate,
     QToolTip,
 )
-
 from serial import Serial
 from serial.tools.list_ports import comports
 
 from plover import _
-from plover.oslayer.serial import patch_ports_info
-from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
-from plover.oslayer.linux.display_server import DISPLAY_SERVER
-
 from plover.gui_qt.config_keyboard_widget_ui import Ui_KeyboardWidget
-from plover.gui_qt.config_serial_widget_ui import Ui_SerialWidget
 from plover.gui_qt.config_plover_hid_widget_ui import Ui_PloverHidWidget
+from plover.gui_qt.config_serial_widget_ui import Ui_SerialWidget
+from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
+from plover.oslayer.linux.display_server import DISPLAY_SERVER
+from plover.oslayer.serial import patch_ports_info
 
 
 def serial_port_details(port_info):
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ def serial_port_details(port_info):
         if value not in global_ignore:
             parts.append(fmt.format(value=value))
             local_ignore.add(value)
-    description = getattr(port_info, "description")
+    description = port_info.description
     if description not in local_ignore:
         parts.insert(0, _("description: {value}").format(value=description))
     if not parts:
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/main.py b/plover/gui_qt/main.py
index ed639411a..15cc61a2e 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/main.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/main.py
@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
-from pathlib import Path
 import signal
 import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from PySide6.QtCore import (
     QCoreApplication,
     QLibraryInfo,
     QTimer,
-    QTranslator,
     QtMsgType,
+    QTranslator,
     qInstallMessageHandler,
 )
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMessageBox
 
-from plover import _, __name__ as __software_name__, __version__, log
+from plover import _, __version__, log
+from plover import __name__ as __software_name__
+from plover.gui_qt.engine import Engine
 from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR
 from plover.oslayer.keyboardcontrol import KeyboardEmulation
 
-from plover.gui_qt.engine import Engine
-
-
 # Disable input hook to avoid getting spammed when using the debugger.
 # import pdb
 # pdb.set_trace()
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ def run(self):
 
 
 def show_error(title, message):
-    print("%s: %s" % (title, message))
+    print(f"{title}: {message}")
     app = QApplication([])
     QMessageBox.critical(None, title, message)
     del app
@@ -104,11 +103,11 @@ def default_message_handler(msg_type, msg_log_context, msg_string):
     }.get(msg_type, log.error)
     details = []
     if msg_log_context.file is not None:
-        details.append("%s:%u" % (msg_log_context.file, msg_log_context.line))
+        details.append(f"{msg_log_context.file}:{msg_log_context.line}")
     if msg_log_context.function is not None:
         details.append(msg_log_context.function)
     if details:
-        details = " [%s]" % ", ".join(details)
+        details = " [{}]".format(", ".join(details))
     else:
         details = ""
     log_fn("Qt: %s%s", msg_string, details)
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/main_window.py b/plover/gui_qt/main_window.py
index c653cb843..5bc87bedd 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/main_window.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/main_window.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-from functools import partial
 import json
 import os
 import subprocess
+from functools import partial
 
 from PySide6.QtCore import QCoreApplication, Qt, Slot
 from PySide6.QtGui import QCursor, QIcon, QKeySequence
@@ -11,18 +11,16 @@
 )
 
 from plover import _, log
-from plover.oslayer import wmctrl
-from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR, PLATFORM
-from plover.registry import registry
-
-from plover.gui_qt import utils
+from plover.gui_qt import appearance, utils
+from plover.gui_qt.about_dialog import AboutDialog
+from plover.gui_qt.config_window import ConfigWindow
 from plover.gui_qt.log_qt import NotificationHandler
 from plover.gui_qt.main_window_ui import Ui_MainWindow
-from plover.gui_qt.config_window import ConfigWindow
-from plover.gui_qt.about_dialog import AboutDialog
 from plover.gui_qt.trayicon import TrayIcon
 from plover.gui_qt.utils import WindowStateMixin
-from plover.gui_qt import appearance
+from plover.oslayer import wmctrl
+from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR, PLATFORM
+from plover.registry import registry
 
 
 class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow, WindowStateMixin):
@@ -227,7 +225,7 @@ def _save_state(self, settings):
             if not action.isChecked()
         }
         settings.setValue(
-            "hidden_toolbar_tools", json.dumps(list(sorted(hidden_toolbar_tools)))
+            "hidden_toolbar_tools", json.dumps(sorted(hidden_toolbar_tools))
         )
 
     def _update_machine(self, machine_type):
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py b/plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py
index f6242828c..7267c2ae9 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py
@@ -13,17 +13,14 @@
     QFontDialog,
     QMessageBox,
 )
-
 from wcwidth import wcwidth
 
 from plover import _, system
-from plover.steno import Stroke
-
 from plover.gui_qt import utils
 from plover.gui_qt.paper_tape_ui import Ui_PaperTape
-from plover.gui_qt.utils import ActionCopyViewSelectionToClipboard, ToolBar
 from plover.gui_qt.tool import Tool
-
+from plover.gui_qt.utils import ActionCopyViewSelectionToClipboard, ToolBar
+from plover.steno import Stroke
 
 STYLE_PAPER, STYLE_RAW = (
     # i18n: Paper tape style.
@@ -249,7 +246,9 @@ def clear(self):
 
     @Slot()
     def save(self):
-        filename_suggestion = "steno-notes-%s.txt" % time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M")
+        filename_suggestion = "steno-notes-{}.txt".format(
+            time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M")
+        )
         filename = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
             self,
             _("Save Paper Tape"),
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py b/plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py
index aa6430141..c8b5dda50 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
-from threading import Thread
 import atexit
 import html
 import os
 import sys
+from threading import Thread
 
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal, Slot
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QDialog,
+    QInputDialog,
     QMessageBox,
     QTableWidgetItem,
-    QInputDialog,
 )
 
 from plover import _, log
-from plover.gui_qt.tool import Tool
 from plover.gui_qt.info_browser import InfoBrowser
 from plover.gui_qt.plugins_manager_ui import Ui_PluginsManager
 from plover.gui_qt.run_dialog import RunDialog
+from plover.gui_qt.tool import Tool
+from plover.plugins_manager.__main__ import pip
 from plover.plugins_manager.registry import Registry
 from plover.plugins_manager.utils import description_to_html
-from plover.plugins_manager.__main__ import pip
 
 
 class PluginsManager(Tool, Ui_PluginsManager):
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def _update_table(self):
         self.table.setSortingEnabled(False)
         self.table.setRowCount(len(self._packages))
         for row, state in enumerate(self._packages):
-            for column, attr in enumerate("status name version summary".split()):
+            for column, attr in enumerate(["status", "name", "version", "summary"]):
                 value = getattr(state, attr, "N/A")
                 if attr == "status":
                     if value:
@@ -118,9 +118,8 @@ def handle_selection_change(self):
         metadata = self._get_state(current_item.row()).metadata
         if metadata is None or metadata.name is None:
             return
-        prologue = "<h1>%s (%s)</h1>" % (
-            html.escape(metadata.name),
-            html.escape(metadata.version),
+        prologue = (
+            f"<h1>{html.escape(metadata.name)} ({html.escape(metadata.version)})</h1>"
         )
         if metadata.author and metadata.author_email:
             # i18n: Metadata field.
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/run_dialog.py b/plover/gui_qt/run_dialog.py
index d585093fd..a974dc885 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/run_dialog.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/run_dialog.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from PySide6.QtWidgets import QDialogButtonBox, QDialog
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import QDialog, QDialogButtonBox
 
 from plover.gui_qt.console_widget import ConsoleWidget
 from plover.gui_qt.run_dialog_ui import Ui_RunDialog
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ def reject(self):
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import sys
+
     from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication
 
     app = QApplication([])
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py b/plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py
index 40fca6917..717c0a6e3 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py
@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@
 )
 
 from plover import _
-from plover.suggestions import Suggestion
 from plover.formatting import RetroFormatter
-
 from plover.gui_qt import utils
 from plover.gui_qt.suggestions_dialog_ui import Ui_SuggestionsDialog
-from plover.gui_qt.utils import ToolBar
 from plover.gui_qt.tool import Tool
+from plover.gui_qt.utils import ToolBar
+from plover.suggestions import Suggestion
 
 
 class SuggestionsDialog(Tool, Ui_SuggestionsDialog):
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py b/plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py
index d0d43ac9c..faebfd188 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 from .utils import ActionCopyViewSelectionToClipboard
 
-
 # i18n: Widget: “SuggestionsWidget”.
 NO_SUGGESTIONS_STRING = _("no suggestions")
 MAX_SUGGESTIONS_COUNT = 10
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/trayicon.py b/plover/gui_qt/trayicon.py
index 6a2b354de..50ac2288c 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/trayicon.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/trayicon.py
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 from PySide6.QtGui import QIcon
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import QMessageBox, QSystemTrayIcon
 
-from plover import _, __name__ as __software_name__
-from plover import log
-from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
+from plover import _, log
+from plover import __name__ as __software_name__
 from plover.machine.base import (
     STATE_INITIALIZING,
     STATE_RUNNING,
 )
+from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
 
 
 class TrayIcon(QObject):
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def __init__(self):
             "disabled",
             "enabled",
         ):
-            icon = QIcon(":resources/state-%s.svg" % state)
+            icon = QIcon(f":resources/state-{state}.svg")
             if hasattr(icon, "setIsMask"):
                 icon.setIsMask(True)
             self._state_icons[state] = icon
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def _update_state(self):
         self._trayicon.setIcon(icon)
         self._trayicon.setToolTip(
             # i18n: Tray icon tooltip.
-            "Plover:\n- %s\n- %s." % (output_state, machine_state)
+            f"Plover:\n- {output_state}\n- {machine_state}."
         )
 
     def _on_activated(self, reason):
diff --git a/plover/gui_qt/utils.py b/plover/gui_qt/utils.py
index 5320c9d76..16d5087f9 100644
--- a/plover/gui_qt/utils.py
+++ b/plover/gui_qt/utils.py
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
     QKeySequence,
 )
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
+    QApplication,
     QMainWindow,
     QToolBar,
     QToolButton,
     QWidget,
-    QApplication,
 )
 
 from plover import _
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ def _save_state(self, settings):
         """
         To be overwritten by subclasses to save additional state.
         """
-        pass
 
     def save_state(self):
         assert self.ROLE
@@ -85,7 +84,6 @@ def _restore_state(self, settings):
         """
         To be overwritten by subclasses to restore additional state.
         """
-        pass
 
     def restore_state(self):
         assert self.ROLE
diff --git a/plover/i18n.py b/plover/i18n.py
index f17044431..53ac1b803 100644
--- a/plover/i18n.py
+++ b/plover/i18n.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import os
 import gettext
+import os
 
 from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR
 from plover.oslayer.i18n import get_system_language
diff --git a/plover/key_combo.py b/plover/key_combo.py
index 583c70634..b7d5e96c1 100644
--- a/plover/key_combo.py
+++ b/plover/key_combo.py
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 import re
 
-
 # Mapping of "standard" keynames (derived from X11 keysym names) to Unicode.
 # fmt: off
 KEYNAME_TO_CHAR = {
@@ -104,14 +101,14 @@
     "quoteleft"         :     "`", # `
     "quoteright"        :     "'", # '
     "registered"        :  "\xae", # ®
-    "return"            :    "\r", # 
+    "return"            :    "\r",
     "section"           :  "\xa7", # §
     "semicolon"         :     ";", # ;
     "slash"             :     "/", # /
-    "space"             :     " ", #  
+    "space"             :     " ",
     "ssharp"            :  "\xdf", # ß
     "sterling"          :  "\xa3", # £
-    "tab"               :    "\t", # 	
+    "tab"               :    "\t",
     "thorn"             :  "\xfe", # þ
     "threequarters"     :  "\xbe", # ¾
     "threesuperior"     :  "\xb3", # ³
@@ -146,7 +143,7 @@ def key_name_to_key_code(key_name):
     count = 0
 
     def _raise_error(exception, details):
-        msg = '%s in "%s"' % (
+        msg = '{} in "{}"'.format(
             details,
             combo_string[:count]
             + "["
@@ -175,7 +172,7 @@ def _raise_error(exception, details):
             if key_code is None:
                 _raise_error(ValueError, "unknown key")
             elif key_code in down_keys:
-                _raise_error(ValueError, 'key "%s" already pressed' % key_name)
+                _raise_error(ValueError, f'key "{key_name}" already pressed')
 
             key_events.append((key_code, True))
 
@@ -191,7 +188,7 @@ def _raise_error(exception, details):
             key_events.append((key_code, False))
 
         else:
-            _raise_error(SyntaxError, 'invalid character "%s"' % token)
+            _raise_error(SyntaxError, f'invalid character "{token}"')
 
         count += len(token)
 
diff --git a/plover/log.py b/plover/log.py
index 6275823b5..6a39d2c78 100644
--- a/plover/log.py
+++ b/plover/log.py
@@ -3,17 +3,15 @@
 
 """A module to handle logging."""
 
+import logging
 import os
 import sys
-import logging
 import traceback
-
-from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
 from logging import INFO, WARNING
+from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
 
 from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR
 
-
 LOG_FORMAT = "%(asctime)s [%(threadName)s] %(levelname)s: %(message)s"
 LOG_FILENAME = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(CONFIG_DIR, "plover.log"))
 LOG_MAX_BYTES = 10000000
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ def format(self, record):
             record.exc_text = orig_exc_text
 
     def formatException(self, exc_info):
-        etype, evalue, tb = exc_info
+        etype, evalue, _tb = exc_info
         lines = traceback.format_exception_only(etype, evalue)
         return "".join(lines)
 
diff --git a/plover/machine/base.py b/plover/machine/base.py
index 2955c9602..8d98ee721 100644
--- a/plover/machine/base.py
+++ b/plover/machine/base.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 import binascii
 import threading
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 import serial
 
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@
 from plover.machine.keymap import Keymap
 from plover.misc import boolean
 
-
 # i18n: Machine state.
 STATE_STOPPED = _("stopped")
 # i18n: Machine state.
@@ -52,11 +52,9 @@ def set_keymap(self, keymap):
 
     def start_capture(self):
         """Begin listening for output from the stenotype machine."""
-        pass
 
     def stop_capture(self):
         """Stop listening for output from the stenotype machine."""
-        pass
 
     def add_stroke_callback(self, callback):
         """Subscribe to output from the stenotype machine.
@@ -101,7 +99,6 @@ def set_suppression(self, enabled):
         This is only of use for the keyboard machine,
         to suppress the keyboard when then engine is running.
         """
-        pass
 
     def suppress_last_stroke(self, send_backspaces):
         """Suppress the last stroke key events after the fact.
@@ -113,7 +110,6 @@ def suppress_last_stroke(self, send_backspaces):
 
         send_backspaces -- The function to use to send backspaces.
         """
-        pass
 
     def _set_state(self, state):
         self.state = state
@@ -171,7 +167,6 @@ def invoke_excepthook(self):
 
     def run(self):
         """This method should be overridden by a subclass."""
-        pass
 
     def start_capture(self):
         """Begin listening for output from the stenotype machine."""
@@ -199,7 +194,7 @@ class SerialStenotypeBase(ThreadedStenotypeBase):
     """
 
     # Default serial parameters.
-    SERIAL_PARAMS = {
+    SERIAL_PARAMS: ClassVar[dict] = {
         "port": None,
         "baudrate": 9600,
         "bytesize": 8,
diff --git a/plover/machine/gemini_pr.py b/plover/machine/gemini_pr.py
index 21b1e8b18..2374300b0 100644
--- a/plover/machine/gemini_pr.py
+++ b/plover/machine/gemini_pr.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 from plover import log
 from plover.machine.base import SerialStenotypeBase
 
-
 # In the Gemini PR protocol, each packet consists of exactly six bytes
 # and the most significant bit (MSB) of every byte is used exclusively
 # to indicate whether that byte is the first byte of the packet
diff --git a/plover/machine/keyboard.py b/plover/machine/keyboard.py
index 47a4e567c..cf57d3111 100644
--- a/plover/machine/keyboard.py
+++ b/plover/machine/keyboard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Joshua Harlan Lifton.
 # See LICENSE.txt for details.
 
@@ -7,11 +6,10 @@
 from plover import _
 from plover.machine.base import StenotypeBase
 from plover.misc import boolean
-from plover.oslayer.keyboardcontrol import KeyboardCapture
 from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
+from plover.oslayer.keyboardcontrol import KeyboardCapture
 from plover.oslayer.linux.display_server import DISPLAY_SERVER
 
-
 # i18n: Machine name.
 _._("Keyboard")
 
diff --git a/plover/machine/keyboard_capture/__init__.py b/plover/machine/keyboard_capture/__init__.py
index 462ee043e..c5d1b1664 100644
--- a/plover/machine/keyboard_capture/__init__.py
+++ b/plover/machine/keyboard_capture/__init__.py
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ def suppress(self, suppressed_keys: Sequence[str] = ()) -> None:
     # Callbacks for keyboard press/release events.
     def key_down(self, key: str) -> None:
         """Notifies Plover that a key was pressed down."""
-        return None
+        return
 
     def key_up(self, key: str) -> None:
         """Notifies Plover that a key was released."""
-        return None
+        return
diff --git a/plover/machine/keymap.py b/plover/machine/keymap.py
index 4f93d33bc..8f1424179 100644
--- a/plover/machine/keymap.py
+++ b/plover/machine/keymap.py
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def set_mappings(self, mappings: Any) -> None:
             if not key_list:
                 # Not an issue if 'no-op' is not mapped...
                 if action != "no-op":
-                    errors.append("action %s is not bound" % action)
+                    errors.append(f"action {action} is not bound")
                 # Add dummy mapping for each missing action
                 # so it's shown in the configurator.
                 self._mappings[action] = ()
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def set_mappings(self, mappings: Any) -> None:
             valid_key_list = []
             for key in key_list:
                 if key not in self._keys:
-                    errors.append("invalid key %s bound to action %s" % (key, action))
+                    errors.append(f"invalid key {key} bound to action {action}")
                     continue
                 valid_key_list.append(key)
                 bound_keys[key].append(action)
@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@ def set_mappings(self, mappings: Any) -> None:
             if isinstance(key_list, str):
                 key_list = (key_list,)
             errors.append(
-                "invalid action %s mapped to key(s) %s" % (action, " ".join(key_list))
+                "invalid action {} mapped to key(s) {}".format(
+                    action, " ".join(key_list)
+                )
             )
         for key, action_list in bound_keys.items():
             if len(action_list) > 1:
-                errors.append(
-                    "key %s is bound multiple times: %s" % (key, str(action_list))
-                )
+                errors.append(f"key {key} is bound multiple times: {action_list!s}")
         if len(errors) > 0:
             log.warning(
                 "Keymap is invalid, behavior undefined:\n\n- " + "\n- ".join(errors)
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def keys_to_actions(self, key_list: list[str] | tuple[str, ...]) -> list[str]:
         """
         action_list = []
         for key in key_list:
-            assert key in self._keys, "'%s' not in %s" % (key, self._keys)
+            assert key in self._keys, f"'{key}' not in {self._keys}"
             action = self._bindings.get(key, "no-op")
             if "no-op" != action:
                 action_list.append(action)
@@ -199,12 +199,10 @@ def __setitem__(self, action, key_list):
         valid_key_list = []
         for key in key_list:
             if key not in self._keys:
-                errors.append("invalid key %s bound to action %s" % (key, action))
+                errors.append(f"invalid key {key} bound to action {action}")
                 continue
             if key in self._bindings:
-                errors.append(
-                    "key %s is already bound to: %s" % (key, self._bindings[key])
-                )
+                errors.append(f"key {key} is already bound to: {self._bindings[key]}")
                 continue
             valid_key_list.append(key)
             self._bindings[key] = action
diff --git a/plover/machine/passport.py b/plover/machine/passport.py
index 6279391bd..034d5e545 100644
--- a/plover/machine/passport.py
+++ b/plover/machine/passport.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 "Thread-based monitoring of a stenotype machine using the passport protocol."
 
 from itertools import zip_longest
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 from plover.machine.base import SerialStenotypeBase
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ class Passport(SerialStenotypeBase):
         ! ^ +
     """
 
-    SERIAL_PARAMS = dict(SerialStenotypeBase.SERIAL_PARAMS)
+    SERIAL_PARAMS: ClassVar[dict] = dict(SerialStenotypeBase.SERIAL_PARAMS)
     SERIAL_PARAMS.update(baudrate=38400)
 
     def __init__(self, params):
@@ -61,4 +62,4 @@ def grouper(iterable, n, fillvalue=None):
     "Collect data into fixed-length chunks or blocks"
     # grouper('ABCDEFG', 3, 'x') --> ABC DEF Gxx
     args = [iter(iterable)] * n
-    return zip_longest(fillvalue=fillvalue, *args)
+    return zip_longest(*args, fillvalue=fillvalue)
diff --git a/plover/machine/plover_hid.py b/plover/machine/plover_hid.py
index 27019454e..3664fbbe9 100644
--- a/plover/machine/plover_hid.py
+++ b/plover/machine/plover_hid.py
@@ -8,18 +8,19 @@
 of the steno machine every time that state changes.
 """
 
-from plover.machine.base import ThreadedStenotypeBase
-from plover.misc import boolean
-from plover import log
-
-import hid
-import time
+import ctypes
 import platform
 import threading
-import ctypes
-from queue import Queue, Empty
-from typing import Any, Dict
+import time
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from queue import Empty, Queue
+from typing import Any
+
+import hid
+
+from plover import log
+from plover.machine.base import ThreadedStenotypeBase
+from plover.misc import boolean
 
 
 def _darwin_disable_exclusive_open() -> None:
@@ -101,10 +102,10 @@ class PloverHid(ThreadedStenotypeBase):
     '''
     # fmt: on
 
-    def __init__(self, params: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self._params = params
-        self._devices: Dict[bytes, HidDeviceRecord] = {}
+        self._devices: dict[bytes, HidDeviceRecord] = {}
         self._report_queue: Queue[bytes] = Queue()
         self._lock: threading.Lock = threading.Lock()
         self._device_watcher: threading.Thread | None = None
@@ -141,14 +142,12 @@ def _remove_device(self, path: bytes) -> None:
             device.close()
         except Exception:
             log.debug("failed to close HID device")
-            pass
         # Join the reader if we're not currently in that same thread.
         try:
             if thread is not None and thread is not threading.current_thread():
                 thread.join(timeout=0.2)
         except Exception:
             log.debug("failed kill device read thread")
-            pass
         # If nothing left and we're not shutting down, show Disconnected in the UI
         if not self._devices and not self.finished.is_set():
             self._error()
@@ -201,7 +200,6 @@ def _read_from_device_loop(self, path: bytes, device: hid.device) -> None:
                     self._report_queue.put_nowait(report_bytes)
                 except Exception:
                     log.debug("failed to put report in queue")
-                    pass
         self._remove_device(path)
 
     def _parse(self, report: bytes) -> int:
@@ -306,20 +304,20 @@ def stop_capture(self) -> None:
         if t_watch is not None:
             try:
                 t_watch.join(timeout=0.3)
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception:  # noqa: S110
                 pass
             self._device_watcher = None
         # Remove all devices via common teardown
         for path in list(self._devices.keys()):
             try:
                 self._remove_device(path)
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception:  # noqa: S110
                 pass
         # Drain the report queue best-effort
         try:
             while True:
                 self._report_queue.get_nowait()
-        except Exception:
+        except Exception:  # noqa: S110
             pass
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/plover/machine/procat.py b/plover/machine/procat.py
index f5306750d..c1a25cf69 100644
--- a/plover/machine/procat.py
+++ b/plover/machine/procat.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 from plover import log
 from plover.machine.base import SerialStenotypeBase
 
-
 # ProCAT machines send 4 bytes per stroke, with the last byte only consisting of
 # FF. So we need only look at the first 3 bytes to see our steno. The leading
 # bit is 0.
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ def process_steno_packet(raw):
         # Raw packet has 4 bytes, we only care about the first 3
         steno_keys = []
         for i, b in enumerate(raw[:3]):
-            for j in range(0, 8):
+            for j in range(8):
                 if b & 0x80 >> j:
                     key = STENO_KEY_CHART[i * 8 + j]
                     steno_keys.append(key)
diff --git a/plover/machine/stentura.py b/plover/machine/stentura.py
index 6930c01b5..7c6cbe184 100644
--- a/plover/machine/stentura.py
+++ b/plover/machine/stentura.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 import struct
 
-from plover import log
 import plover.machine.base
+from plover import log
 
 # TODO: Come up with a mechanism to communicate back to the engine when there
 # is a connection error.
@@ -167,26 +167,18 @@ def _allocate_buffer():
 class _ProtocolViolationException(Exception):
     """Something has happened that is doesn't follow the protocol."""
 
-    pass
-
 
 class _StopException(Exception):
     """The thread was asked to stop."""
 
-    pass
-
 
 class _TimeoutException(Exception):
     """An operation has timed out."""
 
-    pass
-
 
 class _ConnectionLostException(Exception):
     """Cannot communicate with the machine."""
 
-    pass
-
 
 # fmt: off
 _CRC_TABLE = [
@@ -314,11 +306,11 @@ def _parse_strokes(data):
     strokes = []
     if (len(data) % 4) != 0:
         raise _ProtocolViolationException(
-            "Data size is not divisible by 4: %d" % (len(data))
+            f"Data size is not divisible by 4: {len(data)}"
         )
     for b in data:
         if (b & 0b11000000) != 0b11000000:
-            raise _ProtocolViolationException("Data is not stroke: 0x%X" % (b))
+            raise _ProtocolViolationException(f"Data is not stroke: 0x{b:X}")
     for a, b, c, d in zip(*([iter(data)] * 4)):
         strokes.append(_parse_stroke(a, b, c, d))
     return strokes
diff --git a/plover/macro/retro.py b/plover/macro/retro.py
index bdfbada9c..c4010b0dc 100644
--- a/plover/macro/retro.py
+++ b/plover/macro/retro.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from plover.translation import Translation
-from plover.steno import Stroke
 from plover import system
+from plover.steno import Stroke
+from plover.translation import Translation
 
 
 def toggle_asterisk(translator, stroke, cmdline):
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def delete_space(translator, stroke, cmdline):
         if t.english is not None:
             english.append(t.english)
         elif len(t.rtfcre) == 1 and t.rtfcre[0].isdigit():
-            english.append("{&%s}" % t.rtfcre[0])
+            english.append(f"{{&{t.rtfcre[0]}}}")
     if len(english) > 1:
         t = Translation([stroke], "{^~|^}".join(english))
         t.replaced = replaced
diff --git a/plover/macro/undo.py b/plover/macro/undo.py
index 173589e30..4830a7c9c 100644
--- a/plover/macro/undo.py
+++ b/plover/macro/undo.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-from plover.translation import Translation
 from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
-
+from plover.translation import Translation
 
 if PLATFORM == "mac":
     BACK_STRING = "{#Alt_L(BackSpace)}{^}"
diff --git a/plover/messages/es/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po b/plover/messages/es/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
index 2535fe207..56389d152 100644
--- a/plover/messages/es/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
+++ b/plover/messages/es/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: plover 5.4.0\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-10 08:01+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-26 08:22+0200\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2026-03-08 12:00+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Gemini CLI\n"
 "Language: es\n"
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ msgstr "Plover: Acerca de"
 
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationDialog”, tooltip.
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:11
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:24
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:10
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:22
 msgid "Add a new translation to the dictionary."
 msgstr "Añadir una nueva traducción al diccionario."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:13
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:12
 msgid "Add Translation"
 msgstr "Añadir traducción"
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ msgstr "Acordes:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:132
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:170
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:169
 msgid "Strokes"
 msgstr "Acordes"
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ msgstr "Traducción:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:138
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:173
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:172
 msgid "Translation"
 msgstr "Traducción"
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ msgstr "Diccionario:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:144
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:175
 msgid "Dictionary"
 msgstr "Diccionario"
 
@@ -374,51 +374,51 @@ msgstr "RTS/CTS"
 
 #. Widget: “NopeOption” (empty config option message,
 #. e.g. the machine option when selecting the Treal machine).
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:52
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:49
 msgid "Nothing to see here!"
 msgstr "¡Aquí no hay nada para ver!"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:174
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:171
 msgid "Key"
 msgstr "Tecla"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:173
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Acción"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:222
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:219
 msgid "Selected"
 msgstr "Seleccionado"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:224
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:221
 msgid "Choice"
 msgstr "Opción"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:352
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interfaz"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:358
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
 msgid "Appearance:"
 msgstr "Apariencia:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:363 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:360 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:584
 msgid "System"
 msgstr "Sistema"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:364
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:361
 msgid "Light"
 msgstr "Claro"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:365
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:362
 msgid "Dark"
 msgstr "Oscuro"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:369
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:366
 msgid ""
 "Set the application appearance:\n"
 "- System: follow the operating system mode\n"
@@ -430,35 +430,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "- Claro: forzar el modo claro\n"
 "- Oscuro: forzar el modo oscuro"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:373
 msgid "Start minimized:"
 msgstr "Iniciar minimizado:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
 msgid "Minimize the main window to systray on startup."
 msgstr "Minimizar la ventana principal a la bandeja del sistema al arrancar."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
 msgid "Show paper tape:"
 msgstr "Mostrar tira de papel:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
 msgid "Open the paper tape on startup."
 msgstr "Abrir la tira de papel al arrancar."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
 msgid "Show suggestions:"
 msgstr "Mostrar sugerencias:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
 msgid "Open the suggestions dialog on startup."
 msgstr "Abrir el diálogo de sugerencias al arrancar."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
 msgid "Add translation dialog opacity:"
 msgstr "Añadir opacidad para el diálogo de traducción:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:395
 msgid ""
 "Set the translation dialog opacity:\n"
 "- 0 makes the dialog invisible.\n"
@@ -468,19 +468,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "- 0 hace invisible el diálogo.\n"
 "- 100 es totalmente opaco."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:401
 msgid "Dictionaries display order:"
 msgstr "Orden para visualización de diccionarios:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "top-down"
 msgstr "hacia abajo"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "bottom-up"
 msgstr "hacia arriba"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:410
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
 msgid ""
 "Set the display order for dictionaries:\n"
 "- top-down: Match the search order; highest priority first.\n"
@@ -492,77 +492,77 @@ msgstr ""
 "- de abajo arriba: invertir el orden de búsqueda; primero el de menor "
 "prioridad.\n"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:416
 msgid "Logging"
 msgstr "Registro"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
 msgid "Log file:"
 msgstr "Fichero de registro:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Select a log file"
 msgstr "Seleccionar un fichero de registro"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Log files (*.log)"
 msgstr "Ficheros de registro (*.log)"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:424
 msgid "File to use for logging strokes/translations."
 msgstr "Fichero para usar en el registro de acordes/traducciones."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
 msgid "Log strokes:"
 msgstr "Registrar acordes:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
 msgid "Save strokes to the logfile."
 msgstr "Guardar acordes en el fichero de registro."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
 msgid "Log translations:"
 msgstr "Registrar traducciones:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:439
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
 msgid "Save translations to the logfile."
 msgstr "Guardar traducciones en el fichero de registro."
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:442 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
 msgid "Machine"
 msgstr "Máquina"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:448
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445
 msgid "Machine:"
 msgstr "Máquina:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:460
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:457
 msgid "Options:"
 msgstr "Opciones:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:462
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:459
 msgid "Keymap:"
 msgstr "Asignaciones de teclas:"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:464 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
 msgid "Output"
 msgstr "Salida"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467
 msgid "Enable at start:"
 msgstr "Activar al inicio:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
 msgid "Enable output on startup."
 msgstr "Activar la salida al arrancar."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:476
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
 msgid "Start attached:"
 msgstr "Suprimir espacio inicial:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:480
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:477
 msgid ""
 "Disable preceding space on first output.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -572,37 +572,37 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Esta opción solo es aplicable cuando los espacios se colocan antes."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:483
 msgid "Start capitalized:"
 msgstr "Inicio en mayúscula:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
 msgid "Capitalize the first word."
 msgstr "Poner en mayúscula la primera palabra."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:492
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
 msgid "Space placement:"
 msgstr "Ubicación de espacio:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:497
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:494
 msgid "Before Output"
 msgstr "Antes de la salida"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:495
 msgid "After Output"
 msgstr "Después de la salida"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
 msgid "Set automatic space placement: before or after each word."
 msgstr ""
 "Establecer la ubicación automática del espacio: antes o después de cada "
 "palabra."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:504
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
 msgid "Undo levels:"
 msgstr "Niveles para deshacer:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:508
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:505
 msgid ""
 "Set how many preceding strokes can be undone.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -614,11 +614,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nota: el valor efectivo tendrá en cuenta \n"
 "la entrada de diccionarios con el máximo número de acordes."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:515
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:512
 msgid "Key press delay (ms):"
 msgstr "Retraso de pulsación de tecla (ms):"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:523
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:520
 msgid ""
 "Set the delay between emulated key presses (in milliseconds).\n"
 "\n"
@@ -638,11 +638,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Establecer el retraso demasiado alto afectará negativamente al\n"
 "rendimiento de la salida de las pulsaciones de teclas."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:533
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:530
 msgid "Linux keyboard layout:"
 msgstr "Disposición del teclado de Linux:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:547
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:544
 msgid ""
 "Set the keyboard layout configured in your system.\n"
 "This only applies when using Linux/BSD and not using X11.\n"
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "puede detectar la primera disposición del teclado\n"
 "y no puede detectar cambios de disposición."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:557
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:554
 msgid ""
 "When Wayland auto detect is selected, Plover is only able to detect the "
 "first keyboard layout and can not detect layout switches."
@@ -667,29 +667,29 @@ msgstr ""
 "puede detectar la primera disposición del teclado y no puede detectar "
 "cambios de disposición."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:565
 msgid "Plugins"
 msgstr "Complementos"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:571
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
 msgid "Extensions:"
 msgstr "Extensiones:"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
 msgid "Enabled"
 msgstr "Habilitado"
 
 #. Widget: “PluginsManager”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
 msgid "Name"
 msgstr "Nombre"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:581
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:578
 msgid "Configure enabled plugin extensions."
 msgstr "Configurar extensiones de complementos habilitadas."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:590
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
 msgid "System:"
 msgstr "Sistema:"
 
@@ -716,83 +716,83 @@ msgid "{format} dictionaries ({extensions})"
 msgstr "Diccionarios {format} ({extensions})"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:393
 msgid "disabled"
 msgstr "deshabilitado"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:396
 msgid "favorite"
 msgstr "favorito"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:400
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "errored: {exception}."
 msgstr "con error: {exception}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:402
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:404
 msgid "loading"
 msgstr "se está cargando"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:405
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:407
 msgid "read-only"
 msgstr "solo lectura"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:411
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:413
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Full path: {path}."
 msgstr "Ruta completa: {path}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:414
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:416
 msgid "This dictionary is marked as the favorite."
 msgstr "Este diccionario está marcado como el favorito."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:417
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:419
 msgid "This dictionary is being loaded."
 msgstr "Este diccionario se está cargando."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:421
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:423
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Loading this dictionary failed: {exception}."
 msgstr "La carga de este diccionario falló: {exception}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:429
 msgid "This dictionary is read-only."
 msgstr "Este diccionario es de solo lectura."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:618
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Save a copy of {name} as..."
 msgstr "Guardar una copia de {name} como..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:622
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "{name} - Copy"
 msgstr "{name} - Copiar"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as merge” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:642
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:644
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Merge {names} as..."
 msgstr "Fusionar {names} como..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:671
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:673
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:203
 msgid "Load dictionaries"
 msgstr "Cargar diccionarios"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “new” file picker.
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:683
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:685
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:205
 msgid "Create dictionary"
 msgstr "Crear diccionario"
@@ -1018,11 +1018,11 @@ msgid "Mappings"
 msgstr "Asignaciones"
 
 #. Widget: “LookupDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:12
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:11
 msgid "Search the dictionary for translations."
 msgstr "Buscar traducciones en el diccionario."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:14
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:13
 msgid "Lookup"
 msgstr "Buscar"
 
@@ -1046,27 +1046,27 @@ msgstr "Patrón de traducción para buscar."
 msgid "Results"
 msgstr "Resultados"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:36
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "product: {value}"
 msgstr "producto: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:39
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:37
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "manufacturer: {value}"
 msgstr "fabricante: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:40
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "serial number: {value}"
 msgstr "número de serie: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:48
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:46
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "description: {value}"
 msgstr "descripción: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:201
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:199
 msgid ""
 "Arpeggiate allows using non-NKRO keyboards.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Cada tecla puede pulsarse por separado y el espacio envía el acorde."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:312
+#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:310
 msgid "Application is still running."
 msgstr "La aplicación ya se está ejecutando."
 
@@ -1230,34 +1230,34 @@ msgid "Plover: Toolbar"
 msgstr "Plover: Barra de herramientas"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:30
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:27
 msgid "Paper"
 msgstr "Papel"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:32
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:29
 msgid "Raw"
 msgstr "Sin procesar"
 
 #. Widget: “PaperTape”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:122
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:119
 msgid "Paper tape display of strokes."
 msgstr "Visualización de acordes en la tira de papel."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:124
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:121
 msgid "Paper Tape"
 msgstr "Tira de papel"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:237
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:234
 msgid "Do you want to clear the paper tape?"
 msgstr "¿Quieres limpiar la tira de papel?"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:255
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:254
 msgid "Save Paper Tape"
 msgstr "Guardar tira de papel"
 
 #. Paper tape, "save" file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:258
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:257
 msgid "Text files (*.txt)"
 msgstr "Ficheros de texto (*.txt)"
 
@@ -1347,22 +1347,22 @@ msgid "N/A"
 msgstr "N/D"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:127
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:126
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Author: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>Autor: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:133
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:132
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Home page: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>Página principal: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:180
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:179
 msgid "Install from Git repo"
 msgstr "Instalar desde un repositorio Git"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:182
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:181
 msgid ""
 "<b>WARNING: Installing plugins is a security risk.<br>A plugin from a Git"
 " repo can contain malicious code.<br>Only install it if you got it from a"
@@ -1376,12 +1376,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "complemento<br>(se verá similar a "
 "https://github.com/usuario/repositorio.git): <br>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:204
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:203
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Install {packages}"
 msgstr "Instalar {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:206
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:205
 msgid ""
 "Installing plugins is a <b>security risk</b>. A plugin can contain "
 "virus/malware. Only install it if you got it from a trusted source. Are "
@@ -1391,12 +1391,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "complemento puede contener virus o malware. Solo instálelo si lo obtuvo "
 "de una fuente confiable. ¿Está seguro de que desea continuar?"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:232
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Uninstall {packages}"
 msgstr "Desinstalar {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:234
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
 msgid "Are you sure you want to proceed?"
 msgstr "¿Está seguro de que desea continuar?"
 
@@ -1437,23 +1437,23 @@ msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:26
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:25
 msgid "Suggest possible strokes for the last written words."
 msgstr "Sugerir posibles acordes para las últimas palabras escritas."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, accessible name.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:28
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:27
 #: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog_ui.py:97
 msgid "Suggestions"
 msgstr "Sugerencias"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:62
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:61
 msgid "&Text"
 msgstr "&Texto"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:64
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:63
 msgid "&Strokes"
 msgstr "Acorde&s"
 
@@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@ msgid "Clear the history."
 msgstr "Vaciar el historial."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsWidget”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:27
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:26
 msgid "no suggestions"
 msgstr "no hay sugerencias"
 
@@ -1507,7 +1507,7 @@ msgid "disconnected"
 msgstr "desconectada"
 
 #. Machine name.
-#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:16
+#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:14
 msgid "Keyboard"
 msgstr "Teclado"
 
diff --git a/plover/messages/fr/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po b/plover/messages/fr/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
index 1fe2ea1d3..d70e13cfb 100644
--- a/plover/messages/fr/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
+++ b/plover/messages/fr/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: plover 5.4.0\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-10 08:01+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-26 08:22+0200\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2026-03-08 12:00+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Gemini CLI\n"
 "Language: fr\n"
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ msgstr "Plover: À propos"
 
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationDialog”, tooltip.
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:11
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:24
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:10
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:22
 msgid "Add a new translation to the dictionary."
 msgstr "Ajoute une nouvelle traduction au dictionnaire."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:13
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:12
 msgid "Add Translation"
 msgstr "Ajouter une traduction"
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ msgstr "Accords :"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:132
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:170
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:169
 msgid "Strokes"
 msgstr "Accords"
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ msgstr "Traduction :"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:138
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:173
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:172
 msgid "Translation"
 msgstr "Traduction"
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ msgstr "Dictionnaire:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:144
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:175
 msgid "Dictionary"
 msgstr "Dictionnaire"
 
@@ -380,51 +380,51 @@ msgstr "RTS/CTS"
 
 #. Widget: “NopeOption” (empty config option message,
 #. e.g. the machine option when selecting the Treal machine).
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:52
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:49
 msgid "Nothing to see here!"
 msgstr "Rien à voir ici !"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:174
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:171
 msgid "Key"
 msgstr "Touche"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:173
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Action"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:222
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:219
 msgid "Selected"
 msgstr "Sélectionné"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:224
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:221
 msgid "Choice"
 msgstr "Choix"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:352
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interface"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:358
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
 msgid "Appearance:"
 msgstr "Apparence :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:363 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:360 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:584
 msgid "System"
 msgstr "Système"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:364
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:361
 msgid "Light"
 msgstr "Clair"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:365
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:362
 msgid "Dark"
 msgstr "Sombre"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:369
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:366
 msgid ""
 "Set the application appearance:\n"
 "- System: follow the operating system mode\n"
@@ -436,35 +436,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "- Clair : force le mode clair\n"
 "- Sombre : force le mode sombre"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:373
 msgid "Start minimized:"
 msgstr "Démarrer minimisé :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
 msgid "Minimize the main window to systray on startup."
 msgstr "Minimise la fenêtre principale au démarrage."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
 msgid "Show paper tape:"
 msgstr "Afficher la bande papier :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
 msgid "Open the paper tape on startup."
 msgstr "Ouvre la bande papier au démarrage."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
 msgid "Show suggestions:"
 msgstr "Afficher les suggestions :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
 msgid "Open the suggestions dialog on startup."
 msgstr "Ouvre la fenêtre des suggestions au démarrage."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
 msgid "Add translation dialog opacity:"
 msgstr "Opacité de la fenêtre d'ajout de traduction :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:395
 msgid ""
 "Set the translation dialog opacity:\n"
 "- 0 makes the dialog invisible.\n"
@@ -474,19 +474,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "- 0 pour la rendre invisible.\n"
 "- 100 pour une fenêtre complètement opaque."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:401
 msgid "Dictionaries display order:"
 msgstr "Sens d'affichage des dictionnaires :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "top-down"
 msgstr "haut-en-bas"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "bottom-up"
 msgstr "bas-en-haut"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:410
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
 msgid ""
 "Set the display order for dictionaries:\n"
 "- top-down: Match the search order; highest priority first.\n"
@@ -498,77 +498,77 @@ msgstr ""
 "- bas-en-haut : Dans l'ordre inverse de recherche ; par priorité "
 "croissante.\n"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:416
 msgid "Logging"
 msgstr "Journal"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
 msgid "Log file:"
 msgstr "Fichier :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Select a log file"
 msgstr "Sélectionner un fichier de journal"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Log files (*.log)"
 msgstr "Fichiers de journal (*.log)"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:424
 msgid "File to use for logging strokes/translations."
 msgstr "Fichier à utiliser pour la journalisation des accords/traductions."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
 msgid "Log strokes:"
 msgstr "Enregistrer les accords :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
 msgid "Save strokes to the logfile."
 msgstr "Enregistre les accords dans le journal."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
 msgid "Log translations:"
 msgstr "Enregistrer les traductions :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:439
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
 msgid "Save translations to the logfile."
 msgstr "Enregistre les traductions dans le journal."
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:442 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
 msgid "Machine"
 msgstr "Machine"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:448
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445
 msgid "Machine:"
 msgstr "Machine :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:460
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:457
 msgid "Options:"
 msgstr "Paramètres :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:462
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:459
 msgid "Keymap:"
 msgstr "Disposition :"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:464 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
 msgid "Output"
 msgstr "Sortie"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467
 msgid "Enable at start:"
 msgstr "Activer au démarrage :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
 msgid "Enable output on startup."
 msgstr "Active la sortie au démarrage."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:476
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
 msgid "Start attached:"
 msgstr "Supprimer l'espace initial :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:480
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:477
 msgid ""
 "Disable preceding space on first output.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -579,35 +579,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "Cette option n'a de sens que lorsque le placement\n"
 "des espaces s'effectue avant chaque mot."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:483
 msgid "Start capitalized:"
 msgstr "Capitaliser le premier mot :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
 msgid "Capitalize the first word."
 msgstr "Capitalise le premier mot."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:492
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
 msgid "Space placement:"
 msgstr "Placement de l'espace :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:497
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:494
 msgid "Before Output"
 msgstr "Avant la traduction"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:495
 msgid "After Output"
 msgstr "Après la traduction"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
 msgid "Set automatic space placement: before or after each word."
 msgstr "Définie le placement automatique des espaces: avant ou après chaque mot."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:504
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
 msgid "Undo levels:"
 msgstr "Niveaux d'annulation :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:508
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:505
 msgid ""
 "Set how many preceding strokes can be undone.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -620,11 +620,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "N.B.: le nombre effectif prend en compte l'entrée des dictionnaires "
 "nécessitant le plus d'accords."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:515
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:512
 msgid "Key press delay (ms):"
 msgstr "Délai de pression des touches (ms) :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:523
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:520
 msgid ""
 "Set the delay between emulated key presses (in milliseconds).\n"
 "\n"
@@ -644,11 +644,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Définir un délai trop élevé aura un impact négatif sur les\n"
 "performances de sortie des touches."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:533
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:530
 msgid "Linux keyboard layout:"
 msgstr "Disposition du clavier Linux :"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:547
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:544
 msgid ""
 "Set the keyboard layout configured in your system.\n"
 "This only applies when using Linux/BSD and not using X11.\n"
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "peut détecter que la première disposition du clavier\n"
 "et ne peut pas détecter les changements de disposition."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:557
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:554
 msgid ""
 "When Wayland auto detect is selected, Plover is only able to detect the "
 "first keyboard layout and can not detect layout switches."
@@ -674,29 +674,29 @@ msgstr ""
 "peut détecter que la première disposition du clavier et ne peut pas "
 "détecter les changements de disposition."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:565
 msgid "Plugins"
 msgstr "Greffons"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:571
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
 msgid "Extensions:"
 msgstr "Extensions :"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
 msgid "Enabled"
 msgstr "Activée"
 
 #. Widget: “PluginsManager”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
 msgid "Name"
 msgstr "Nom"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:581
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:578
 msgid "Configure enabled plugin extensions."
 msgstr "Configure les extensions activées."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:590
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
 msgid "System:"
 msgstr "Système :"
 
@@ -723,84 +723,84 @@ msgid "{format} dictionaries ({extensions})"
 msgstr "Dictionnaires {format} ({extensions})"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:393
 msgid "disabled"
 msgstr "désactivé"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:396
 msgid "favorite"
 msgstr "favori"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:400
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "errored: {exception}."
 msgstr "erreur : {exception}"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:402
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:404
 msgid "loading"
 msgstr "chargement"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:405
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:407
 msgid "read-only"
 msgstr "lecture seule"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:411
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:413
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Full path: {path}."
 msgstr "Chemin complet : {path}."
 
 # | msgid "This dictionary is marked as a favorite."
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:414
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:416
 msgid "This dictionary is marked as the favorite."
 msgstr "Ce dictionnaire est marqué comme favori."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:417
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:419
 msgid "This dictionary is being loaded."
 msgstr "Ce dictionnaire est en cours de chargement."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:421
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:423
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Loading this dictionary failed: {exception}."
 msgstr "Erreur lors du chargement du dictionnaire : {exception}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:429
 msgid "This dictionary is read-only."
 msgstr "Ce dictionnaire est en lecture-seule."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:618
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Save a copy of {name} as..."
 msgstr "Enregistrez une copie de {name} sous..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:622
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "{name} - Copy"
 msgstr "{name} - Copie"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as merge” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:642
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:644
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Merge {names} as..."
 msgstr "Fusionner {names} sous..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:671
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:673
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:203
 msgid "Load dictionaries"
 msgstr "Charger des dictionnaires"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “new” file picker.
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:683
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:685
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:205
 msgid "Create dictionary"
 msgstr "Créer un dictionnaire"
@@ -1026,11 +1026,11 @@ msgid "Mappings"
 msgstr "Traductions"
 
 #. Widget: “LookupDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:12
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:11
 msgid "Search the dictionary for translations."
 msgstr "Cherche les traductions du dictionnaire."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:14
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:13
 msgid "Lookup"
 msgstr "Recherche"
 
@@ -1054,27 +1054,27 @@ msgstr "Motif de traduction à rechercher."
 msgid "Results"
 msgstr "Résultats"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:36
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "product: {value}"
 msgstr "produit : {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:39
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:37
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "manufacturer: {value}"
 msgstr "fabricant : {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:40
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "serial number: {value}"
 msgstr "numéro de série : {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:48
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:46
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "description: {value}"
 msgstr "description : {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:201
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:199
 msgid ""
 "Arpeggiate allows using non-NKRO keyboards.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Chaque touche peut alors être frappée individuellement,\n"
 "et la barre d'espace utilisée pour terminer l'accord."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:312
+#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:310
 msgid "Application is still running."
 msgstr "L'application est encore en cours d'exécution."
 
@@ -1239,34 +1239,34 @@ msgid "Plover: Toolbar"
 msgstr "Plover: Bar d'outils"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:30
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:27
 msgid "Paper"
 msgstr "Papier"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:32
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:29
 msgid "Raw"
 msgstr "Brut"
 
 #. Widget: “PaperTape”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:122
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:119
 msgid "Paper tape display of strokes."
 msgstr "Affichage des entrées du ruban."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:124
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:121
 msgid "Paper Tape"
 msgstr "Bande papier"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:237
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:234
 msgid "Do you want to clear the paper tape?"
 msgstr "Voulez vous effacer l'historique de la bande papier?"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:255
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:254
 msgid "Save Paper Tape"
 msgstr "Enregistrer la bande papier"
 
 #. Paper tape, "save" file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:258
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:257
 msgid "Text files (*.txt)"
 msgstr "Fichiers texte (*.txt)"
 
@@ -1356,22 +1356,22 @@ msgid "N/A"
 msgstr "N/A"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:127
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:126
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Author: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>Auteur : </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:133
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:132
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Home page: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>Page d'accueil : </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:180
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:179
 msgid "Install from Git repo"
 msgstr "Installer depuis un dépôt Git"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:182
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:181
 msgid ""
 "<b>WARNING: Installing plugins is a security risk.<br>A plugin from a Git"
 " repo can contain malicious code.<br>Only install it if you got it from a"
@@ -1384,12 +1384,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "fiable.</b><br><br>Entrez le lien du dépôt pour le "
 "greffon<br>(ressemblera à https://github.com/user/repository.git) : <br>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:204
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:203
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Install {packages}"
 msgstr "Installer {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:206
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:205
 msgid ""
 "Installing plugins is a <b>security risk</b>. A plugin can contain "
 "virus/malware. Only install it if you got it from a trusted source. Are "
@@ -1400,12 +1400,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "l'installez que si vous l'avez obtenu d'une source fiable. Êtes-vous sûr "
 "de vouloir continuer ?"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:232
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Uninstall {packages}"
 msgstr "Désinstaller {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:234
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
 msgid "Are you sure you want to proceed?"
 msgstr "Êtes-vous sûr de vouloir continuer ?"
 
@@ -1446,23 +1446,23 @@ msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:26
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:25
 msgid "Suggest possible strokes for the last written words."
 msgstr "Suggère des accords possibles pour les derniers mots écrits."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, accessible name.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:28
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:27
 #: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog_ui.py:97
 msgid "Suggestions"
 msgstr "Suggestions"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:62
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:61
 msgid "&Text"
 msgstr "&Texte"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:64
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:63
 msgid "&Strokes"
 msgstr "&Accords"
 
@@ -1472,7 +1472,7 @@ msgid "Clear the history."
 msgstr "Efface l'historique."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsWidget”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:27
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:26
 msgid "no suggestions"
 msgstr "pas de suggestions"
 
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ msgid "disconnected"
 msgstr "déconnectée"
 
 #. Machine name.
-#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:16
+#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:14
 msgid "Keyboard"
 msgstr "Clavier"
 
diff --git a/plover/messages/it/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po b/plover/messages/it/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
index b51096faa..0a4424fd1 100644
--- a/plover/messages/it/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
+++ b/plover/messages/it/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: plover 5.4.0\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-10 08:01+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-26 08:22+0200\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2026-03-08 12:00+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Gemini CLI\n"
 "Language: it\n"
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ msgstr "Plover: Informazioni"
 
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationDialog”, tooltip.
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:11
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:24
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:10
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:22
 msgid "Add a new translation to the dictionary."
 msgstr "Aggiungi una nuova traduzione al dizionario."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:13
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:12
 msgid "Add Translation"
 msgstr "Aggiungi traduzione"
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ msgstr "Battute:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:132
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:170
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:169
 msgid "Strokes"
 msgstr "Battute"
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ msgstr "Traduzione:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:138
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:173
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:172
 msgid "Translation"
 msgstr "Traduzione"
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ msgstr "Dizionario:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:144
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:175
 msgid "Dictionary"
 msgstr "Dizionario"
 
@@ -379,51 +379,51 @@ msgstr "RTS/CTS"
 
 #. Widget: “NopeOption” (empty config option message,
 #. e.g. the machine option when selecting the Treal machine).
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:52
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:49
 msgid "Nothing to see here!"
 msgstr "Nulla da vedere qui!"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:174
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:171
 msgid "Key"
 msgstr "Tasto"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:173
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Azione"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:222
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:219
 msgid "Selected"
 msgstr "Selezionato"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:224
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:221
 msgid "Choice"
 msgstr "Scelta"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:352
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interfaccia"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:358
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
 msgid "Appearance:"
 msgstr "Aspetto:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:363 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:360 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:584
 msgid "System"
 msgstr "Sistema"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:364
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:361
 msgid "Light"
 msgstr "Chiaro"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:365
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:362
 msgid "Dark"
 msgstr "Scuro"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:369
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:366
 msgid ""
 "Set the application appearance:\n"
 "- System: follow the operating system mode\n"
@@ -435,35 +435,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "- Chiaro: forza la modalità chiara\n"
 "- Scuro: forza la modalità scura"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:373
 msgid "Start minimized:"
 msgstr "Avvia ridotto a icona:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
 msgid "Minimize the main window to systray on startup."
 msgstr "Riduci la finestra principale nella systray all'avvio."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
 msgid "Show paper tape:"
 msgstr "Mostra nastro di carta:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
 msgid "Open the paper tape on startup."
 msgstr "Apri il nastro di carta all'avvio."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
 msgid "Show suggestions:"
 msgstr "Mostra suggerimenti:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
 msgid "Open the suggestions dialog on startup."
 msgstr "Apri la finestra dei suggerimenti all'avvio."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
 msgid "Add translation dialog opacity:"
 msgstr "Opacità finestra aggiunta traduzione:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:395
 msgid ""
 "Set the translation dialog opacity:\n"
 "- 0 makes the dialog invisible.\n"
@@ -473,19 +473,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "- 0 rende la finestra invisibile.\n"
 "- 100 è completamente opaco."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:401
 msgid "Dictionaries display order:"
 msgstr "Ordine di visualizzazione dizionari:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "top-down"
 msgstr "dall'alto in basso"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "bottom-up"
 msgstr "dal basso in alto"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:410
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
 msgid ""
 "Set the display order for dictionaries:\n"
 "- top-down: Match the search order; highest priority first.\n"
@@ -497,77 +497,77 @@ msgstr ""
 "- dal basso in alto: Ordine di ricerca inverso; priorità più bassa per "
 "prima.\n"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:416
 msgid "Logging"
 msgstr "Log"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
 msgid "Log file:"
 msgstr "File di log:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Select a log file"
 msgstr "Seleziona un file di log"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Log files (*.log)"
 msgstr "File di log (*.log)"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:424
 msgid "File to use for logging strokes/translations."
 msgstr "File da utilizzare per il log di battute/traduzioni."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
 msgid "Log strokes:"
 msgstr "Log battute:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
 msgid "Save strokes to the logfile."
 msgstr "Salva le battute nel file di log."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
 msgid "Log translations:"
 msgstr "Log traduzioni:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:439
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
 msgid "Save translations to the logfile."
 msgstr "Salva le traduzioni nel file di log."
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:442 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
 msgid "Machine"
 msgstr "Macchina"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:448
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445
 msgid "Machine:"
 msgstr "Macchina:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:460
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:457
 msgid "Options:"
 msgstr "Opzioni:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:462
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:459
 msgid "Keymap:"
 msgstr "Mappatura tasti:"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:464 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
 msgid "Output"
 msgstr "Uscita"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467
 msgid "Enable at start:"
 msgstr "Abilita all'avvio:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
 msgid "Enable output on startup."
 msgstr "Abilita l'uscita all'avvio."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:476
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
 msgid "Start attached:"
 msgstr "Inizia senza spazio:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:480
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:477
 msgid ""
 "Disable preceding space on first output.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -577,37 +577,37 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Questa opzione è applicabile solo quando gli spazi sono posizionati prima."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:483
 msgid "Start capitalized:"
 msgstr "Inizia con la maiuscola:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
 msgid "Capitalize the first word."
 msgstr "Scrivi la prima parola con la maiuscola."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:492
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
 msgid "Space placement:"
 msgstr "Posizionamento spazio:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:497
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:494
 msgid "Before Output"
 msgstr "Prima dell'uscita"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:495
 msgid "After Output"
 msgstr "Dopo l'uscita"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
 msgid "Set automatic space placement: before or after each word."
 msgstr ""
 "Imposta il posizionamento automatico dello spazio: prima o dopo ogni "
 "parola."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:504
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
 msgid "Undo levels:"
 msgstr "Livelli di annullamento:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:508
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:505
 msgid ""
 "Set how many preceding strokes can be undone.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -619,11 +619,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nota: il valore effettivo terrà conto della voce\n"
 "dei dizionari con il numero massimo di battute."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:515
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:512
 msgid "Key press delay (ms):"
 msgstr "Ritardo pressione tasti (ms):"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:523
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:520
 msgid ""
 "Set the delay between emulated key presses (in milliseconds).\n"
 "\n"
@@ -642,11 +642,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Impostare un ritardo troppo alto influirà negativamente sulle\n"
 "prestazioni dell'uscita delle battute."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:533
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:530
 msgid "Linux keyboard layout:"
 msgstr "Layout tastiera Linux:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:547
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:544
 msgid ""
 "Set the keyboard layout configured in your system.\n"
 "This only applies when using Linux/BSD and not using X11.\n"
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "grado di rilevare solo il primo layout di tastiera\n"
 "e non può rilevare i cambi di layout."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:557
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:554
 msgid ""
 "When Wayland auto detect is selected, Plover is only able to detect the "
 "first keyboard layout and can not detect layout switches."
@@ -672,29 +672,29 @@ msgstr ""
 "grado di rilevare solo il primo layout di tastiera e non può rilevare i "
 "cambi di layout."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:565
 msgid "Plugins"
 msgstr "Plugin"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:571
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
 msgid "Extensions:"
 msgstr "Estensioni:"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
 msgid "Enabled"
 msgstr "Abilitata"
 
 #. Widget: “PluginsManager”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
 msgid "Name"
 msgstr "Nome"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:581
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:578
 msgid "Configure enabled plugin extensions."
 msgstr "Configura le estensioni dei plugin abilitate."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:590
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
 msgid "System:"
 msgstr "Sistema:"
 
@@ -721,83 +721,83 @@ msgid "{format} dictionaries ({extensions})"
 msgstr "Dizionari {format} ({extensions})"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:393
 msgid "disabled"
 msgstr "disabilitato"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:396
 msgid "favorite"
 msgstr "preferito"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:400
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "errored: {exception}."
 msgstr "errore: {exception}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:402
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:404
 msgid "loading"
 msgstr "caricamento"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:405
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:407
 msgid "read-only"
 msgstr "sola lettura"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:411
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:413
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Full path: {path}."
 msgstr "Percorso completo: {path}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:414
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:416
 msgid "This dictionary is marked as the favorite."
 msgstr "Questo dizionario è contrassegnato come preferito."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:417
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:419
 msgid "This dictionary is being loaded."
 msgstr "Caricamento di questo dizionario in corso."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:421
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:423
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Loading this dictionary failed: {exception}."
 msgstr "Caricamento di questo dizionario fallito: {exception}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:429
 msgid "This dictionary is read-only."
 msgstr "Questo dizionario è in sola lettura."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:618
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Save a copy of {name} as..."
 msgstr "Salva una copia di {name} come..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:622
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "{name} - Copy"
 msgstr "{name} - Copia"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as merge” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:642
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:644
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Merge {names} as..."
 msgstr "Unisci {names} come..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:671
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:673
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:203
 msgid "Load dictionaries"
 msgstr "Carica dizionari"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “new” file picker.
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:683
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:685
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:205
 msgid "Create dictionary"
 msgstr "Crea dizionario"
@@ -1023,11 +1023,11 @@ msgid "Mappings"
 msgstr "Associazioni"
 
 #. Widget: “LookupDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:12
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:11
 msgid "Search the dictionary for translations."
 msgstr "Cerca le traduzioni nel dizionario."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:14
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:13
 msgid "Lookup"
 msgstr "Ricerca"
 
@@ -1051,27 +1051,27 @@ msgstr "Modello di traduzione da cercare."
 msgid "Results"
 msgstr "Risultati"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:36
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "product: {value}"
 msgstr "prodotto: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:39
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:37
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "manufacturer: {value}"
 msgstr "produttore: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:40
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "serial number: {value}"
 msgstr "numero di serie: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:48
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:46
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "description: {value}"
 msgstr "descrizione: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:201
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:199
 msgid ""
 "Arpeggiate allows using non-NKRO keyboards.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Ogni tasto può essere premuto separatamente e la\n"
 "barra spaziatrice viene premuta per inviare la battuta."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:312
+#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:310
 msgid "Application is still running."
 msgstr "L'applicazione è ancora in esecuzione."
 
@@ -1236,34 +1236,34 @@ msgid "Plover: Toolbar"
 msgstr "Plover: Barra degli strumenti"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:30
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:27
 msgid "Paper"
 msgstr "Carta"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:32
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:29
 msgid "Raw"
 msgstr "Grezzo"
 
 #. Widget: “PaperTape”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:122
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:119
 msgid "Paper tape display of strokes."
 msgstr "Visualizzazione delle battute sul nastro di carta."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:124
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:121
 msgid "Paper Tape"
 msgstr "Nastro di carta"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:237
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:234
 msgid "Do you want to clear the paper tape?"
 msgstr "Vuoi cancellare il nastro di carta?"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:255
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:254
 msgid "Save Paper Tape"
 msgstr "Salva nastro di carta"
 
 #. Paper tape, "save" file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:258
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:257
 msgid "Text files (*.txt)"
 msgstr "File di testo (*.txt)"
 
@@ -1353,22 +1353,22 @@ msgid "N/A"
 msgstr "N/D"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:127
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:126
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Author: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>Autore: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:133
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:132
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Home page: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>Pagina iniziale: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:180
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:179
 msgid "Install from Git repo"
 msgstr "Installa da repository Git"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:182
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:181
 msgid ""
 "<b>WARNING: Installing plugins is a security risk.<br>A plugin from a Git"
 " repo can contain malicious code.<br>Only install it if you got it from a"
@@ -1381,12 +1381,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "attendibile.</b><br><br>Inserisci il link del repository per il "
 "plugin<br>(sarà simile a https://github.com/utente/repository.git): <br>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:204
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:203
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Install {packages}"
 msgstr "Installa {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:206
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:205
 msgid ""
 "Installing plugins is a <b>security risk</b>. A plugin can contain "
 "virus/malware. Only install it if you got it from a trusted source. Are "
@@ -1396,12 +1396,12 @@ msgstr ""
 " può contenere virus/malware. Installalo solo se lo hai ottenuto da una "
 "fonte attendibile. Sei sicuro di voler procedere?"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:232
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Uninstall {packages}"
 msgstr "Disinstalla {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:234
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
 msgid "Are you sure you want to proceed?"
 msgstr "Sei sicuro di voler procedere?"
 
@@ -1442,23 +1442,23 @@ msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:26
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:25
 msgid "Suggest possible strokes for the last written words."
 msgstr "Suggerisce le possibili battute per le ultime parole scritte."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, accessible name.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:28
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:27
 #: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog_ui.py:97
 msgid "Suggestions"
 msgstr "Suggerimenti"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:62
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:61
 msgid "&Text"
 msgstr "&Testo"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:64
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:63
 msgid "&Strokes"
 msgstr "&Battute"
 
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ msgid "Clear the history."
 msgstr "Cancella la cronologia."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsWidget”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:27
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:26
 msgid "no suggestions"
 msgstr "nessun suggerimento"
 
@@ -1512,7 +1512,7 @@ msgid "disconnected"
 msgstr "disconnessa"
 
 #. Machine name.
-#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:16
+#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:14
 msgid "Keyboard"
 msgstr "Tastiera"
 
diff --git a/plover/messages/nl/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po b/plover/messages/nl/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
index bc24995bd..9b2b5ed4a 100644
--- a/plover/messages/nl/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
+++ b/plover/messages/nl/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: plover 5.4.0\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-10 08:01+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-26 08:22+0200\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2026-03-08 12:00+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Gemini CLI\n"
 "Language: nl\n"
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ msgstr "Plover: Over"
 
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationDialog”, tooltip.
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:11
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:24
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:10
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:22
 msgid "Add a new translation to the dictionary."
 msgstr "Voeg een nieuwe vertaling toe aan het woordenboek."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:13
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:12
 msgid "Add Translation"
 msgstr "Vertaling toevoegen"
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ msgstr "Aanslagen:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:132
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:170
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:169
 msgid "Strokes"
 msgstr "Aanslagen"
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ msgstr "Vertaling:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:138
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:173
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:172
 msgid "Translation"
 msgstr "Vertaling"
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ msgstr "Woordenboek:"
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:144
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:175
 msgid "Dictionary"
 msgstr "Woordenboek"
 
@@ -383,51 +383,51 @@ msgstr "RTS/CTS"
 
 #. Widget: “NopeOption” (empty config option message,
 #. e.g. the machine option when selecting the Treal machine).
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:52
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:49
 msgid "Nothing to see here!"
 msgstr "Niks te zien hier!"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:174
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:171
 msgid "Key"
 msgstr "Toets"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:173
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "Actie"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:222
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:219
 msgid "Selected"
 msgstr "Geselecteerd"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:224
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:221
 msgid "Choice"
 msgstr "Keuze"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:352
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interface"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:358
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
 msgid "Appearance:"
 msgstr "Uiterlijk:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:363 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:360 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:584
 msgid "System"
 msgstr "Systeem"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:364
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:361
 msgid "Light"
 msgstr "Licht"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:365
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:362
 msgid "Dark"
 msgstr "Donker"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:369
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:366
 msgid ""
 "Set the application appearance:\n"
 "- System: follow the operating system mode\n"
@@ -439,35 +439,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "- Licht: forceer lichte modus\n"
 "- Donker: forceer donkere modus"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:373
 msgid "Start minimized:"
 msgstr "Start geminimaliseerd:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
 msgid "Minimize the main window to systray on startup."
 msgstr "Minimaliseer bij het opstarten het hoofdvenster naar de systray."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
 msgid "Show paper tape:"
 msgstr "Papierstrook weergeven:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
 msgid "Open the paper tape on startup."
 msgstr "Open de papierstrook bij het opstarten."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
 msgid "Show suggestions:"
 msgstr "Suggesties weergeven:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
 msgid "Open the suggestions dialog on startup."
 msgstr "Open het venster met suggesties bij het opstarten."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
 msgid "Add translation dialog opacity:"
 msgstr "Doorzichtigheid van het vertalingsvenster:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:395
 msgid ""
 "Set the translation dialog opacity:\n"
 "- 0 makes the dialog invisible.\n"
@@ -477,19 +477,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "- 0 maakt het venster onzichtbaar.\n"
 "- 100 is volledig ondoorzichtig."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:401
 msgid "Dictionaries display order:"
 msgstr "Volgorde woordenboeken:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "top-down"
 msgstr "boven naar onder"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "bottom-up"
 msgstr "onder naar boven"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:410
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
 msgid ""
 "Set the display order for dictionaries:\n"
 "- top-down: Match the search order; highest priority first.\n"
@@ -501,77 +501,77 @@ msgstr ""
 "- onder naar boven: Andersom dan de zoekvolgorde, laagste prioriteit "
 "eerst.\n"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:416
 msgid "Logging"
 msgstr "Logs"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
 msgid "Log file:"
 msgstr "Logbestand:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Select a log file"
 msgstr "Selecteer een logbestand"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Log files (*.log)"
 msgstr "Logbestanden (*.log)"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:424
 msgid "File to use for logging strokes/translations."
 msgstr "Bestand om aanslagen en vertalingen naar te schrijven."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
 msgid "Log strokes:"
 msgstr "Aanslagen loggen:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
 msgid "Save strokes to the logfile."
 msgstr "Sla aanslagen op in het logbestand."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
 msgid "Log translations:"
 msgstr "Vertalingen loggen:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:439
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
 msgid "Save translations to the logfile."
 msgstr "Sla vertalingen op in het logbestand."
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:442 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
 msgid "Machine"
 msgstr "Machine"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:448
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445
 msgid "Machine:"
 msgstr "Machine:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:460
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:457
 msgid "Options:"
 msgstr "Opties:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:462
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:459
 msgid "Keymap:"
 msgstr "Toetsenmapping:"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:464 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
 msgid "Output"
 msgstr "Uitvoer"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467
 msgid "Enable at start:"
 msgstr "Inschakelen bij starten:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
 msgid "Enable output on startup."
 msgstr "Schakel uitvoer in bij het opstarten."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:476
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
 msgid "Start attached:"
 msgstr "Start aaneengeschreven:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:480
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:477
 msgid ""
 "Disable preceding space on first output.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -581,35 +581,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Deze optie is alleen van toepassing als spaties ervoor worden geplaatst."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:483
 msgid "Start capitalized:"
 msgstr "Start met hoofdletter:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
 msgid "Capitalize the first word."
 msgstr "Schrijf het eerste woord met een hoofdletter."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:492
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
 msgid "Space placement:"
 msgstr "Spatieplaatsing:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:497
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:494
 msgid "Before Output"
 msgstr "Voor uitvoer"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:495
 msgid "After Output"
 msgstr "Na uitvoer"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
 msgid "Set automatic space placement: before or after each word."
 msgstr "Stelt de automatische plaatsing van spaties in: voor of na ieder woord."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:504
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
 msgid "Undo levels:"
 msgstr "Aantal ongedaan-maak-stappen:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:508
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:505
 msgid ""
 "Set how many preceding strokes can be undone.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -621,11 +621,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Let op: de daadwerkelijke waarde hangt ook of van de regel\n"
 "in het woordenboek met de meeste aanslagen."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:515
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:512
 msgid "Key press delay (ms):"
 msgstr "Toetsaanslagvertraging (ms):"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:523
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:520
 msgid ""
 "Set the delay between emulated key presses (in milliseconds).\n"
 "\n"
@@ -645,11 +645,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Een te hoge vertraging zal de prestaties van de uitvoer nadelig "
 "beïnvloeden."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:533
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:530
 msgid "Linux keyboard layout:"
 msgstr "Linux-toetsenbordindeling:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:547
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:544
 msgid ""
 "Set the keyboard layout configured in your system.\n"
 "This only applies when using Linux/BSD and not using X11.\n"
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "toetsenbordindeling detecteren\n"
 "en geen wijzigingen in de indeling detecteren."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:557
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:554
 msgid ""
 "When Wayland auto detect is selected, Plover is only able to detect the "
 "first keyboard layout and can not detect layout switches."
@@ -674,29 +674,29 @@ msgstr ""
 "toetsenbordindeling detecteren en geen wijzigingen in de indeling "
 "detecteren."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:565
 msgid "Plugins"
 msgstr "Plug-ins"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:571
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
 msgid "Extensions:"
 msgstr "Extensies:"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
 msgid "Enabled"
 msgstr "Ingeschakeld"
 
 #. Widget: “PluginsManager”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
 msgid "Name"
 msgstr "Naam"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:581
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:578
 msgid "Configure enabled plugin extensions."
 msgstr "Stel in welke plug-in-extensies ingeschakeld zijn."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:590
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
 msgid "System:"
 msgstr "Systeem:"
 
@@ -723,83 +723,83 @@ msgid "{format} dictionaries ({extensions})"
 msgstr "{format} woordenboeken ({extensions})"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:393
 msgid "disabled"
 msgstr "uitgeschakeld"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:396
 msgid "favorite"
 msgstr "favoriet"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:400
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "errored: {exception}."
 msgstr "fout: {exception}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:402
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:404
 msgid "loading"
 msgstr "laden..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:405
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:407
 msgid "read-only"
 msgstr "alleen-lezen"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:411
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:413
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Full path: {path}."
 msgstr "Volledig pad: {path}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:414
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:416
 msgid "This dictionary is marked as the favorite."
 msgstr "Dit woordenboek is gemarkeerd als favoriet."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:417
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:419
 msgid "This dictionary is being loaded."
 msgstr "Dit woordenboek wordt momenteel geladen."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:421
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:423
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Loading this dictionary failed: {exception}."
 msgstr "Laden van dit woordenboek is mislukt: {exception}."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:429
 msgid "This dictionary is read-only."
 msgstr "Dit woordenboek is alleen-lezen."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:618
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Save a copy of {name} as..."
 msgstr "Sla een kopie van {name} op als..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:622
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "{name} - Copy"
 msgstr "{name} - Kopie"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as merge” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:642
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:644
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Merge {names} as..."
 msgstr "Voeg {names} samen als..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:671
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:673
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:203
 msgid "Load dictionaries"
 msgstr "Woordenboeken laden"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “new” file picker.
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:683
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:685
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:205
 msgid "Create dictionary"
 msgstr "Woordenboek maken"
@@ -1025,11 +1025,11 @@ msgid "Mappings"
 msgstr "Toewijzingen"
 
 #. Widget: “LookupDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:12
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:11
 msgid "Search the dictionary for translations."
 msgstr "Zoek in het woordenboek naar vertalingen."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:14
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:13
 msgid "Lookup"
 msgstr "Opzoeken"
 
@@ -1053,27 +1053,27 @@ msgstr "Vertalingspatroon om op te zoeken."
 msgid "Results"
 msgstr "Resultaten"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:36
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "product: {value}"
 msgstr "product: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:39
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:37
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "manufacturer: {value}"
 msgstr "fabrikant: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:40
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "serial number: {value}"
 msgstr "serienummer: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:48
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:46
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "description: {value}"
 msgstr "beschrijving: {value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:201
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:199
 msgid ""
 "Arpeggiate allows using non-NKRO keyboards.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Iedere toets kan één voor één ingedrukt worden,\n"
 "waarna de spatiebalk de aanslag verzendt."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:312
+#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:310
 msgid "Application is still running."
 msgstr "Applicatie is nog steeds in uitvoering."
 
@@ -1239,34 +1239,34 @@ msgid "Plover: Toolbar"
 msgstr "Plover: Werkbalk"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:30
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:27
 msgid "Paper"
 msgstr "Papier"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:32
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:29
 msgid "Raw"
 msgstr "Ruw"
 
 #. Widget: “PaperTape”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:122
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:119
 msgid "Paper tape display of strokes."
 msgstr "Papierstrookweergave van aanslagen."
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:124
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:121
 msgid "Paper Tape"
 msgstr "Papierstrook"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:237
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:234
 msgid "Do you want to clear the paper tape?"
 msgstr "De papierstrook echt wissen?"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:255
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:254
 msgid "Save Paper Tape"
 msgstr "Papierstrook opslaan"
 
 #. Paper tape, "save" file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:258
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:257
 msgid "Text files (*.txt)"
 msgstr "Tekstbestanden (*.txt)"
 
@@ -1356,22 +1356,22 @@ msgid "N/A"
 msgstr "n.v.t."
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:127
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:126
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Author: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>Auteur: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:133
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:132
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Home page: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>Homepage: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:180
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:179
 msgid "Install from Git repo"
 msgstr "Installeren vanuit Git-repo"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:182
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:181
 msgid ""
 "<b>WARNING: Installing plugins is a security risk.<br>A plugin from a Git"
 " repo can contain malicious code.<br>Only install it if you got it from a"
@@ -1384,12 +1384,12 @@ msgstr ""
 "bron hebt verkregen.</b><br><br>Voer de repository-link voor de plug-in "
 "in<br>(zal lijken op https://github.com/gebruiker/repository.git): <br>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:204
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:203
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Install {packages}"
 msgstr "Installeer {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:206
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:205
 msgid ""
 "Installing plugins is a <b>security risk</b>. A plugin can contain "
 "virus/malware. Only install it if you got it from a trusted source. Are "
@@ -1399,12 +1399,12 @@ msgstr ""
 " kan virussen/malware bevatten. Installeer deze alleen als u deze van een"
 " vertrouwde bron hebt verkregen. Weet u zeker dat u wilt doorgaan?"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:232
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Uninstall {packages}"
 msgstr "Deïnstalleer {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:234
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
 msgid "Are you sure you want to proceed?"
 msgstr "Weet u zeker dat u wilt doorgaan?"
 
@@ -1445,23 +1445,23 @@ msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:26
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:25
 msgid "Suggest possible strokes for the last written words."
 msgstr "Stel mogelijke aanslagen voor de laatste geschreven woorden voor."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, accessible name.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:28
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:27
 #: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog_ui.py:97
 msgid "Suggestions"
 msgstr "Suggesties"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:62
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:61
 msgid "&Text"
 msgstr "&Tekst"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:64
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:63
 msgid "&Strokes"
 msgstr "&Aanslagen"
 
@@ -1471,7 +1471,7 @@ msgid "Clear the history."
 msgstr "Maakt de geschiedenis leeg."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsWidget”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:27
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:26
 msgid "no suggestions"
 msgstr "geen suggesties"
 
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ msgid "disconnected"
 msgstr "verbinding verbroken"
 
 #. Machine name.
-#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:16
+#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:14
 msgid "Keyboard"
 msgstr "Toetsenbord"
 
diff --git a/plover/messages/plover.pot b/plover/messages/plover.pot
index b98954bdf..9da18c54a 100644
--- a/plover/messages/plover.pot
+++ b/plover/messages/plover.pot
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: plover 5.4.0\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-10 08:01+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-26 08:22+0200\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationDialog”, tooltip.
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:11
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:24
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:10
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:22
 msgid "Add a new translation to the dictionary."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:13
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:12
 msgid "Add Translation"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:132
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:170
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:169
 msgid "Strokes"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:138
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:173
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:172
 msgid "Translation"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:144
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:175
 msgid "Dictionary"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -357,51 +357,51 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “NopeOption” (empty config option message,
 #. e.g. the machine option when selecting the Treal machine).
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:52
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:49
 msgid "Nothing to see here!"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:174
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:171
 msgid "Key"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:173
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:222
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:219
 msgid "Selected"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:224
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:221
 msgid "Choice"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:352
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:358
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
 msgid "Appearance:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:363 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:360 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:584
 msgid "System"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:364
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:361
 msgid "Light"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:365
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:362
 msgid "Dark"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:369
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:366
 msgid ""
 "Set the application appearance:\n"
 "- System: follow the operating system mode\n"
@@ -409,166 +409,166 @@ msgid ""
 "- Dark: force dark mode"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:373
 msgid "Start minimized:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
 msgid "Minimize the main window to systray on startup."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
 msgid "Show paper tape:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
 msgid "Open the paper tape on startup."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
 msgid "Show suggestions:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
 msgid "Open the suggestions dialog on startup."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
 msgid "Add translation dialog opacity:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:395
 msgid ""
 "Set the translation dialog opacity:\n"
 "- 0 makes the dialog invisible.\n"
 "- 100 is fully opaque."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:401
 msgid "Dictionaries display order:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "top-down"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "bottom-up"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:410
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
 msgid ""
 "Set the display order for dictionaries:\n"
 "- top-down: Match the search order; highest priority first.\n"
 "- bottom-up: Reverse search order; lowest priority first.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:416
 msgid "Logging"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
 msgid "Log file:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Select a log file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Log files (*.log)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:424
 msgid "File to use for logging strokes/translations."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
 msgid "Log strokes:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
 msgid "Save strokes to the logfile."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
 msgid "Log translations:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:439
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
 msgid "Save translations to the logfile."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:442 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
 msgid "Machine"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:448
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445
 msgid "Machine:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:460
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:457
 msgid "Options:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:462
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:459
 msgid "Keymap:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:464 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
 msgid "Output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467
 msgid "Enable at start:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
 msgid "Enable output on startup."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:476
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
 msgid "Start attached:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:480
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:477
 msgid ""
 "Disable preceding space on first output.\n"
 "\n"
 "This option is only applicable when spaces are placed before."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:483
 msgid "Start capitalized:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
 msgid "Capitalize the first word."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:492
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
 msgid "Space placement:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:497
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:494
 msgid "Before Output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:495
 msgid "After Output"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
 msgid "Set automatic space placement: before or after each word."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:504
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
 msgid "Undo levels:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:508
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:505
 msgid ""
 "Set how many preceding strokes can be undone.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -576,11 +576,11 @@ msgid ""
 "dictionaries entry with the maximum number of strokes."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:515
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:512
 msgid "Key press delay (ms):"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:523
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:520
 msgid ""
 "Set the delay between emulated key presses (in milliseconds).\n"
 "\n"
@@ -591,11 +591,11 @@ msgid ""
 "performance of key stroke output."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:533
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:530
 msgid "Linux keyboard layout:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:547
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:544
 msgid ""
 "Set the keyboard layout configured in your system.\n"
 "This only applies when using Linux/BSD and not using X11.\n"
@@ -605,35 +605,35 @@ msgid ""
 "and can not detect layout switches."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:557
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:554
 msgid ""
 "When Wayland auto detect is selected, Plover is only able to detect the "
 "first keyboard layout and can not detect layout switches."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:565
 msgid "Plugins"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:571
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
 msgid "Extensions:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
 msgid "Enabled"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “PluginsManager”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
 msgid "Name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:581
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:578
 msgid "Configure enabled plugin extensions."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:590
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
 msgid "System:"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -660,83 +660,83 @@ msgid "{format} dictionaries ({extensions})"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:393
 msgid "disabled"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:396
 msgid "favorite"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:400
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "errored: {exception}."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:402
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:404
 msgid "loading"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:405
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:407
 msgid "read-only"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:411
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:413
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Full path: {path}."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:414
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:416
 msgid "This dictionary is marked as the favorite."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:417
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:419
 msgid "This dictionary is being loaded."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:421
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:423
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Loading this dictionary failed: {exception}."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:429
 msgid "This dictionary is read-only."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:618
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Save a copy of {name} as..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:622
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "{name} - Copy"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as merge” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:642
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:644
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Merge {names} as..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:671
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:673
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:203
 msgid "Load dictionaries"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “new” file picker.
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:683
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:685
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:205
 msgid "Create dictionary"
 msgstr ""
@@ -960,11 +960,11 @@ msgid "Mappings"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “LookupDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:12
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:11
 msgid "Search the dictionary for translations."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:14
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:13
 msgid "Lookup"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -988,27 +988,27 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Results"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:36
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "product: {value}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:39
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:37
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "manufacturer: {value}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:40
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "serial number: {value}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:48
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:46
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "description: {value}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:201
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:199
 msgid ""
 "Arpeggiate allows using non-NKRO keyboards.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ msgid ""
 "space bar is pressed to send the stroke."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:312
+#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:310
 msgid "Application is still running."
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1169,34 +1169,34 @@ msgid "Plover: Toolbar"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:30
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:27
 msgid "Paper"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:32
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:29
 msgid "Raw"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “PaperTape”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:122
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:119
 msgid "Paper tape display of strokes."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:124
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:121
 msgid "Paper Tape"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:237
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:234
 msgid "Do you want to clear the paper tape?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:255
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:254
 msgid "Save Paper Tape"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Paper tape, "save" file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:258
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:257
 msgid "Text files (*.txt)"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1286,22 +1286,22 @@ msgid "N/A"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:127
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:126
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Author: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:133
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:132
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Home page: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:180
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:179
 msgid "Install from Git repo"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:182
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:181
 msgid ""
 "<b>WARNING: Installing plugins is a security risk.<br>A plugin from a Git"
 " repo can contain malicious code.<br>Only install it if you got it from a"
@@ -1309,24 +1309,24 @@ msgid ""
 "look similar to https://github.com/user/repository.git): <br>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:204
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:203
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Install {packages}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:206
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:205
 msgid ""
 "Installing plugins is a <b>security risk</b>. A plugin can contain "
 "virus/malware. Only install it if you got it from a trusted source. Are "
 "you sure you want to proceed?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:232
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Uninstall {packages}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:234
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
 msgid "Are you sure you want to proceed?"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1367,23 +1367,23 @@ msgid "..."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:26
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:25
 msgid "Suggest possible strokes for the last written words."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, accessible name.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:28
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:27
 #: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog_ui.py:97
 msgid "Suggestions"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:62
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:61
 msgid "&Text"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:64
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:63
 msgid "&Strokes"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ msgid "Clear the history."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsWidget”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:27
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:26
 msgid "no suggestions"
 msgstr ""
 
@@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ msgid "disconnected"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. Machine name.
-#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:16
+#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:14
 msgid "Keyboard"
 msgstr ""
 
diff --git a/plover/messages/zh_tw/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po b/plover/messages/zh_tw/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
index 73e20bcd6..cf6987200 100644
--- a/plover/messages/zh_tw/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
+++ b/plover/messages/zh_tw/LC_MESSAGES/plover.po
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: plover 5.4.0\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-10 08:01+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-07-26 08:22+0200\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2026-03-08 12:00+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Gemini CLI\n"
 "Language: zh_TW\n"
@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ msgstr "Plover: 關於"
 
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationDialog”, tooltip.
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:11
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:24
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:10
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget.py:22
 msgid "Add a new translation to the dictionary."
 msgstr "在字典中添加新的翻譯。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:13
+#: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_dialog.py:12
 msgid "Add Translation"
 msgstr "添加翻譯"
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ msgstr "和弦："
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:132
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:170
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:169
 msgid "Strokes"
 msgstr "和弦"
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ msgstr "翻譯："
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:138
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:173
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:172
 msgid "Translation"
 msgstr "翻譯"
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ msgstr "字典："
 #. Widget: “AddTranslationWidget”, accessible name.
 #. Widget: “DictionaryEditor”.
 #: plover/gui_qt/add_translation_widget_ui.py:144
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionary_editor.py:175
 msgid "Dictionary"
 msgstr "字典"
 
@@ -375,51 +375,51 @@ msgstr "RTS/CTS"
 
 #. Widget: “NopeOption” (empty config option message,
 #. e.g. the machine option when selecting the Treal machine).
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:52
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:49
 msgid "Nothing to see here!"
 msgstr "這裡沒有東西！"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:174
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:171
 msgid "Key"
 msgstr "按鍵"
 
 #. Widget: “KeymapOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:176
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:173
 msgid "Action"
 msgstr "字根"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:222
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:219
 msgid "Selected"
 msgstr "已選取"
 
 #. Widget: “MultipleChoicesOption”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:224
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:221
 msgid "Choice"
 msgstr "選項"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:352
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "界面"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:358
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:355
 msgid "Appearance:"
 msgstr "外觀："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:363 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:360 plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:584
 msgid "System"
 msgstr "系統"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:364
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:361
 msgid "Light"
 msgstr "淺色"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:365
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:362
 msgid "Dark"
 msgstr "深色"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:369
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:366
 msgid ""
 "Set the application appearance:\n"
 "- System: follow the operating system mode\n"
@@ -431,35 +431,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "- 淺色：強制使用淺色模式\n"
 "- 深色：強制使用深色模式"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:373
 msgid "Start minimized:"
 msgstr "啟用時最小化:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:376
 msgid "Minimize the main window to systray on startup."
 msgstr "開啟程式時將主視窗最小化。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:379
 msgid "Show paper tape:"
 msgstr "顯示輸入紙帶:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:382
 msgid "Open the paper tape on startup."
 msgstr "開啟程式時同時開啟輸入紙帶。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:385
 msgid "Show suggestions:"
 msgstr "顯示和弦建議:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:388
 msgid "Open the suggestions dialog on startup."
 msgstr "開啟程式時同時開啟和弦建議視窗。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:391
 msgid "Add translation dialog opacity:"
 msgstr "「新增翻譯」視窗透明度:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:395
 msgid ""
 "Set the translation dialog opacity:\n"
 "- 0 makes the dialog invisible.\n"
@@ -469,19 +469,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "- 0 為完全透明。\n"
 "- 100 為完全不透明。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:401
 msgid "Dictionaries display order:"
 msgstr "字典顯示順序："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "top-down"
 msgstr "由上而下"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:404
 msgid "bottom-up"
 msgstr "由下而上"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:410
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:407
 msgid ""
 "Set the display order for dictionaries:\n"
 "- top-down: Match the search order; highest priority first.\n"
@@ -491,77 +491,77 @@ msgstr ""
 "- 由上而下：符合搜尋順序；優先級最高者優先。\n"
 "- 由下而上：相反搜尋順序；優先級最低者優先。\n"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:416
 msgid "Logging"
 msgstr "輸入紀錄"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:419
 msgid "Log file:"
 msgstr "紀錄檔："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Select a log file"
 msgstr "選擇紀錄檔"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:425
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:422
 msgid "Log files (*.log)"
 msgstr "記錄檔（*.log）"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:424
 msgid "File to use for logging strokes/translations."
 msgstr "用來記錄輸入過的和弦、翻譯的檔案。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:427
 msgid "Log strokes:"
 msgstr "紀錄和弦："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:430
 msgid "Save strokes to the logfile."
 msgstr "將和弦紀錄至紀錄檔。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:433
 msgid "Log translations:"
 msgstr "紀錄翻譯："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:439
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:436
 msgid "Save translations to the logfile."
 msgstr "將翻譯紀錄至紀錄檔。"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:442 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:260
 msgid "Machine"
 msgstr "輸入硬體"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:448
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:445
 msgid "Machine:"
 msgstr "輸入硬體:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:460
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:457
 msgid "Options:"
 msgstr "選項:"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:462
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:459
 msgid "Keymap:"
 msgstr "按鍵映射:"
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, title.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:464 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:292
 msgid "Output"
 msgstr "輸出"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:467
 msgid "Enable at start:"
 msgstr "啟用時啟用輸出："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:470
 msgid "Enable output on startup."
 msgstr "啟用時啟用輸出。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:476
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:473
 msgid "Start attached:"
 msgstr "首字取消空白："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:480
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:477
 msgid ""
 "Disable preceding space on first output.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -571,35 +571,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "這個選項只適用於空白放置於字串前方時。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:483
 msgid "Start capitalized:"
 msgstr "首字大寫："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:486
 msgid "Capitalize the first word."
 msgstr "將第一個字母大寫。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:492
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:489
 msgid "Space placement:"
 msgstr "空白的放置位置："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:497
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:494
 msgid "Before Output"
 msgstr "在字串前面"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:495
 msgid "After Output"
 msgstr "在字串後面"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:498
 msgid "Set automatic space placement: before or after each word."
 msgstr "設定空白的放置位置。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:504
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:501
 msgid "Undo levels:"
 msgstr "最大回復次數："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:508
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:505
 msgid ""
 "Set how many preceding strokes can be undone.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -607,11 +607,11 @@ msgid ""
 "dictionaries entry with the maximum number of strokes."
 msgstr "設定回復的最大次數。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:515
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:512
 msgid "Key press delay (ms):"
 msgstr "按鍵延遲 (毫秒)："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:523
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:520
 msgid ""
 "Set the delay between emulated key presses (in milliseconds).\n"
 "\n"
@@ -627,11 +627,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "增加延遲可以讓程式有時間處理每次按鍵。\n"
 "延遲設定過高會對輸出效能產生負面影響。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:533
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:530
 msgid "Linux keyboard layout:"
 msgstr "Linux 鍵盤佈局："
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:547
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:544
 msgid ""
 "Set the keyboard layout configured in your system.\n"
 "This only applies when using Linux/BSD and not using X11.\n"
@@ -646,35 +646,35 @@ msgstr ""
 "當選取 Wayland 自動偵測時，Plover 僅能偵測第一個鍵盤佈局，\n"
 "且無法偵測佈局切換。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:557
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:554
 msgid ""
 "When Wayland auto detect is selected, Plover is only able to detect the "
 "first keyboard layout and can not detect layout switches."
 msgstr "當選取 Wayland 自動偵測時，Plover 僅能偵測第一個鍵盤佈局，且無法偵測佈局切換。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:565
 msgid "Plugins"
 msgstr "外掛程式"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:571
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:568
 msgid "Extensions:"
 msgstr "擴充功能："
 
 #. Widget: “MainWindow”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/main_window_ui.py:294
 msgid "Enabled"
 msgstr "已啟用"
 
 #. Widget: “PluginsManager”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:579 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:576 plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager_ui.py:137
 msgid "Name"
 msgstr "名稱"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:581
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:578
 msgid "Configure enabled plugin extensions."
 msgstr "設定已開啟的外掛程式。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:590
+#: plover/gui_qt/config_window.py:587
 msgid "System:"
 msgstr "語言系統："
 
@@ -701,83 +701,83 @@ msgid "{format} dictionaries ({extensions})"
 msgstr "{format} 字典 ({extensions})"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:391
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:393
 msgid "disabled"
 msgstr "已停用"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:394
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:396
 msgid "favorite"
 msgstr "最愛"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:398
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:400
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "errored: {exception}."
 msgstr "錯誤：{exception}。"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:402
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:404
 msgid "loading"
 msgstr "載入中…"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, accessible text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:405
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:407
 msgid "read-only"
 msgstr "唯讀"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:411
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:413
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Full path: {path}."
 msgstr "完整路徑：{path}。"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:414
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:416
 msgid "This dictionary is marked as the favorite."
 msgstr "此字典已標記為最愛。"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:417
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:419
 msgid "This dictionary is being loaded."
 msgstr "字典正在載入中…"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:421
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:423
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Loading this dictionary failed: {exception}."
 msgstr "載入此字典失敗：{exception}。"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, tool tip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:427
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:429
 msgid "This dictionary is read-only."
 msgstr "字典為唯讀狀態。"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:618
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Save a copy of {name} as..."
 msgstr "將{name}另存至..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as copy” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:620
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:622
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "{name} - Copy"
 msgstr "{name} - 副本"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “save as merge” file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:642
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:644
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Merge {names} as..."
 msgstr "合併 {names} 為..."
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:671
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:673
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:203
 msgid "Load dictionaries"
 msgstr "載入字典"
 
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, “new” file picker.
 #. Widget: “DictionariesWidget”, text.
-#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:683
+#: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget.py:685
 #: plover/gui_qt/dictionaries_widget_ui.py:205
 msgid "Create dictionary"
 msgstr "建立字典"
@@ -1001,11 +1001,11 @@ msgid "Mappings"
 msgstr "對映"
 
 #. Widget: “LookupDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:12
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:11
 msgid "Search the dictionary for translations."
 msgstr "在字典內尋找翻譯。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:14
+#: plover/gui_qt/lookup_dialog.py:13
 msgid "Lookup"
 msgstr "查詢"
 
@@ -1029,27 +1029,27 @@ msgstr "要查詢的翻譯樣式。"
 msgid "Results"
 msgstr "結果"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:36
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "product: {value}"
 msgstr "產品：{value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:39
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:37
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "manufacturer: {value}"
 msgstr "製造商：{value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:40
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:38
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "serial number: {value}"
 msgstr "序號：{value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:48
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:46
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "description: {value}"
 msgstr "描述：{value}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:201
+#: plover/gui_qt/machine_options.py:199
 msgid ""
 "Arpeggiate allows using non-NKRO keyboards.\n"
 "\n"
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "每個鍵可以分開來輸出，\n"
 "最後按下空白鍵以送出和弦。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:312
+#: plover/gui_qt/main_window.py:310
 msgid "Application is still running."
 msgstr "應用程式仍在執行中。"
 
@@ -1214,34 +1214,34 @@ msgid "Plover: Toolbar"
 msgstr "Plover: 工具列"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:30
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:27
 msgid "Paper"
 msgstr "紙帶模式"
 
 #. Paper tape style.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:32
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:29
 msgid "Raw"
 msgstr "原始模式"
 
 #. Widget: “PaperTape”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:122
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:119
 msgid "Paper tape display of strokes."
 msgstr "紙帶顯示和弦。"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:124
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:121
 msgid "Paper Tape"
 msgstr "紙帶"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:237
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:234
 msgid "Do you want to clear the paper tape?"
 msgstr "確認要清除紙帶嗎？"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:255
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:254
 msgid "Save Paper Tape"
 msgstr "將紙帶存檔"
 
 #. Paper tape, "save" file picker.
-#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:258
+#: plover/gui_qt/paper_tape.py:257
 msgid "Text files (*.txt)"
 msgstr "Text 文字檔 (*.txt)"
 
@@ -1331,22 +1331,22 @@ msgid "N/A"
 msgstr "不適用"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:127
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:126
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Author: </b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>作者：</b><a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
 #. Metadata field.
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:133
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:132
 #, python-format
 msgid "<p><b>Home page: </b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 msgstr "<p><b>首頁：</b><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></p>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:180
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:179
 msgid "Install from Git repo"
 msgstr "從 Git 儲存庫安裝"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:182
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:181
 msgid ""
 "<b>WARNING: Installing plugins is a security risk.<br>A plugin from a Git"
 " repo can contain malicious code.<br>Only install it if you got it from a"
@@ -1357,24 +1357,24 @@ msgstr ""
 "儲存庫的外掛程式可能包含惡意代碼。<br>僅在您從信任的來源獲取時才進行安裝。</b><br><br>輸入外掛程式的儲存庫連結<br>（看起來類似於"
 " https://github.com/user/repository.git）：<br>"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:204
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:203
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Install {packages}"
 msgstr "安裝 {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:206
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:205
 msgid ""
 "Installing plugins is a <b>security risk</b>. A plugin can contain "
 "virus/malware. Only install it if you got it from a trusted source. Are "
 "you sure you want to proceed?"
 msgstr "安裝外掛程式是一個<b>安全風險</b>。外掛程式可能包含病毒或惡意軟體。僅在您從信任的來源獲取時才進行安裝。您確定要繼續嗎？"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:232
 #, python-brace-format
 msgid "Uninstall {packages}"
 msgstr "解除安裝 {packages}"
 
-#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:234
+#: plover/gui_qt/plugins_manager.py:233
 msgid "Are you sure you want to proceed?"
 msgstr "您確定要繼續嗎？"
 
@@ -1415,23 +1415,23 @@ msgid "..."
 msgstr "..."
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, tooltip.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:26
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:25
 msgid "Suggest possible strokes for the last written words."
 msgstr "最後輸入文字的所有可能和弦建議。"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, accessible name.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:28
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:27
 #: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog_ui.py:97
 msgid "Suggestions"
 msgstr "和弦建議"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:62
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:61
 msgid "&Text"
 msgstr "&文字"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsDialog”, “font” menu.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:64
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_dialog.py:63
 msgid "&Strokes"
 msgstr "&和弦"
 
@@ -1441,7 +1441,7 @@ msgid "Clear the history."
 msgstr "清除歷史紀錄。"
 
 #. Widget: “SuggestionsWidget”.
-#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:27
+#: plover/gui_qt/suggestions_widget.py:26
 msgid "no suggestions"
 msgstr "無和弦建議"
 
@@ -1485,7 +1485,7 @@ msgid "disconnected"
 msgstr "尚未連接"
 
 #. Machine name.
-#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:16
+#: plover/machine/keyboard.py:14
 msgid "Keyboard"
 msgstr "鍵盤"
 
diff --git a/plover/meta/attach.py b/plover/meta/attach.py
index 756c01846..e34a537d2 100644
--- a/plover/meta/attach.py
+++ b/plover/meta/attach.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from os.path import commonprefix
 
 from plover.formatting import (
-    Case,
     META_ATTACH_FLAG,
     META_CARRY_CAPITALIZATION,
+    Case,
     has_word_boundary,
     rightmost_word,
 )
diff --git a/plover/meta/conditional.py b/plover/meta/conditional.py
index 57fbadb2d..0df062ae4 100644
--- a/plover/meta/conditional.py
+++ b/plover/meta/conditional.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 from plover.formatting import _LookAheadAction
 
-
 IF_NEXT_META_RX = re.compile(r"((?:[^\\/]|\\\\|\\/)*)/?")
 IF_NEXT_ESCAPE_RX = re.compile(r"\\([\\/])")
 
diff --git a/plover/meta/mode.py b/plover/meta/mode.py
index fdf474827..156c8ecb1 100644
--- a/plover/meta/mode.py
+++ b/plover/meta/mode.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from plover.formatting import Case, SPACE
+from plover.formatting import SPACE, Case
 
 
 def meta_mode(ctx, cmdline):
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def meta_mode(ctx, cmdline):
         return action
     # No argument allowed for other mode directives.
     if args:
-        raise ValueError("%r is not a valid mode" % cmdline)
+        raise ValueError(f"{cmdline!r} is not a valid mode")
     if mode == "caps":
         action.case = Case.UPPER
     elif mode == "title":
@@ -44,5 +44,5 @@ def meta_mode(ctx, cmdline):
     elif mode == "reset_case":
         action.case = None
     else:
-        raise ValueError("%r is not a valid mode" % cmdline)
+        raise ValueError(f"{cmdline!r} is not a valid mode")
     return action
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/__init__.py b/plover/oslayer/__init__.py
index 6c812405b..abb87ef8d 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/__init__.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/__init__.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 from .config import PLATFORM
 
-
 PLATFORM_PACKAGE = {
     "bsd": "linux",
     "linux": "linux",
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@
 def _add_platform_package_to_path():
     platform_package = PLATFORM_PACKAGE.get(PLATFORM)
     if platform_package is None:
-        log.warning("No platform-specific oslayer package for: %s" % PLATFORM)
+        log.warning(f"No platform-specific oslayer package for: {PLATFORM}")
         return
     __path__.insert(0, os.path.join(__path__[0], platform_package))
 
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/config.py b/plover/oslayer/config.py
index 9ef2d69c3..aac440e4c 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/config.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/config.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 import appdirs
 
-
 if sys.platform.startswith("darwin"):
     PLATFORM = "mac"
 elif sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/controller.py b/plover/oslayer/controller.py
index bd7bea037..ebc3fa98d 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/controller.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/controller.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from multiprocessing import connection
-from threading import Thread
 import errno
 import os
 import tempfile
+from multiprocessing import connection
+from threading import Thread
 
 from plover import log
 from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/linux/i18n.py b/plover/oslayer/linux/i18n.py
index 006635304..33d6b64a0 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/linux/i18n.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/linux/i18n.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import locale
 import os
 
-
 # Note: highest priority first.
 LANG_ENV_VARS = ("LC_ALL", "LC_MESSAGES", "LANG")
 
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardcontrol_uinput.py b/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardcontrol_uinput.py
index 33a98e900..f4835c684 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardcontrol_uinput.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardcontrol_uinput.py
@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
-import threading
 import os
 import selectors
+import threading
 
 from evdev import (
-    UInput,
-    ecodes as e,
-    util,
     InputDevice,
-    list_devices,
     InputEvent,
     KeyEvent,
+    UInput,
+    list_devices,
+    util,
+)
+from evdev import (
+    ecodes as e,
 )
 from psutil import process_iter
 
+from plover import log
+from plover.key_combo import parse_key_combo
+from plover.machine.keyboard_capture import Capture
 from plover.oslayer.linux.keyboardlayout_wayland import (
     DEFAULT_LAYOUT,
     GET_WAYLAND_KEYMAP_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
@@ -20,15 +25,12 @@
     LAYOUTS,
     WAYLAND_AUTO_LAYOUT_NAME,
     KeyCodeInfo,
+    ev_keycode_to_xkb_keycode,
     generate_plover_keymap_from_xkb_keymap_and_modifiers,
     get_modifier_keycodes,
-    ev_keycode_to_xkb_keycode,
     get_wayland_keymap,
 )
 from plover.output.keyboard import GenericKeyboardEmulation
-from plover.machine.keyboard_capture import Capture
-from plover.key_combo import parse_key_combo
-from plover import log
 
 # EV keycodes of keys considered modifiers when not able to automatically be
 # determined from the keymap (this feature isn't implemented yet).
@@ -97,11 +99,11 @@ def _update_layout(self, layout):
                 log.debug("Retrieved Wayland keymap: %s", self._key_to_keycodeinfo)
 
                 # Verify that no modifier requires modifiers to be pressed in the generated keymap
-                modifier_xkb_keycodes = set(
+                modifier_xkb_keycodes = {
                     keycode
                     for keycodes in modifier_index_to_xkb_keycode
                     for keycode in keycodes
-                )
+                }
                 log.debug(
                     "Modifier index to keycode: %s", modifier_index_to_xkb_keycode
                 )
@@ -190,9 +192,7 @@ def _verify_can_send_unicode_key_combo(self) -> bool:
             return False
         if not self._get_key("shift")[0]:
             return False
-        if not self._get_key("u")[0]:
-            return False
-        return True
+        return self._get_key("u")[0]
 
     def send_string(self, string):
         for key in self.with_delay(list(string)):
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardcontrol_x11.py b/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardcontrol_x11.py
index 4d7361b46..99f115b7c 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardcontrol_x11.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardcontrol_x11.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Joshua Harlan Lifton.
 # See LICENSE.txt for details.
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
 import select
 import threading
 
-from Xlib import X, XK
+from Xlib import XK, X
 from Xlib.display import Display
 from Xlib.ext import xinput, xtest
 from Xlib.ext.ge import GenericEventCode
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@
 from plover.machine.keyboard_capture import Capture
 from plover.output.keyboard import GenericKeyboardEmulation
 
-
 # Enable support for media keys.
 XK.load_keysym_group("xf86")
 # Load non-us keyboard related keysyms.
@@ -258,7 +256,7 @@ def start(self):
         self._event_loop = XEventLoop(self._on_event, name="KeyboardCapture")
         with self._event_loop as display:
             if not display.has_extension("XInputExtension"):
-                raise Exception(
+                raise RuntimeError(
                     "X11's XInput extension is required, but could not be found."
                 )
             self._update_devices(display)
@@ -1137,12 +1135,10 @@ def __init__(self, keycode, modifiers, keysym, custom_mapping=None):
             self.custom_mapping = custom_mapping
 
         def __str__(self):
-            return "%u:%x=%x[%s]%s" % (
-                self.keycode,
-                self.modifiers,
-                self.keysym,
-                keysym_to_string(self.keysym),
-                "" if self.custom_mapping is None else "*",
+            return (
+                f"{self.keycode}:{self.modifiers:x}={self.keysym:x}"
+                f"[{keysym_to_string(self.keysym)}]"
+                f"{'' if self.custom_mapping is None else '*'}"
             )
 
     # We can use the first 2 entry of a X11 mapping:
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardlayout_wayland.py b/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardlayout_wayland.py
index 6b3ef4720..467f9c7b1 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardlayout_wayland.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/linux/keyboardlayout_wayland.py
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Sequence
-import string
 import contextlib
 import mmap
 import os
+import string
 import threading
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 
+from evdev import ecodes as e
+from evdev import util
 from xkbcommon import xkb
-from evdev import ecodes as e, util
 
 from plover.key_combo import add_modifiers_aliases
 from plover.oslayer.linux.wayland_connection import (
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ def get_modifier_keycodes(keymap: xkb.Keymap) -> list[list[int]]:
 
         num_layouts = keymap.num_layouts_for_key(keycode)
 
-        for layout in range(0, num_layouts):
+        for layout in range(num_layouts):
             layout_is_active = keyboard_state.layout_index_is_active(
                 layout, xkb.StateComponent.XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE
             )
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ def get_modifiers_for_key_sym(
 }
 
 # Make sure no keys missing. The last 3 are "\r\x0b\x0c" which don't need to be mapped.
-assert all(c in LAYOUTS[DEFAULT_LAYOUT].keys() for c in string.printable[:-3])
+assert all(c in LAYOUTS[DEFAULT_LAYOUT] for c in string.printable[:-3])
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     xkb_keymap = get_wayland_keymap(GET_WAYLAND_KEYMAP_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/linux/log_dbus.py b/plover/oslayer/linux/log_dbus.py
index b580cb131..acac30688 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/linux/log_dbus.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/linux/log_dbus.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 import ctypes.util
-import os
 import logging
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 
-from plover import log, __name__ as __software_name__
+from plover import __name__ as __software_name__
+from plover import log
 from plover.oslayer.config import ASSETS_DIR
 
-
 APPNAME = ctypes.c_char_p(__software_name__.capitalize().encode())
 APPICON = ctypes.c_char_p(os.path.join(ASSETS_DIR, "plover.png").encode())
 SERVICE = ctypes.c_char_p(b"org.freedesktop.Notifications")
@@ -167,9 +167,7 @@ def append_basic(kind, value):
         error_init(error)
         bus = bus_get(DBUS_BUS_SESSION, ctypes.byref(error))
         if error_is_set(error):
-            e = ConnectionError(
-                "%s: %s" % (error.name.decode(), error.message.decode())
-            )
+            e = ConnectionError(f"{error.name.decode()}: {error.message.decode()}")
             error_free(error)
             raise e
         assert bus is not None
@@ -217,8 +215,7 @@ def notify(body, urgency, timeout):
     def handle(self, record):
         level = record.levelno
         message = self.format(record)
-        if message.endswith("\n"):
-            message = message[:-1]
+        message = message.removesuffix("\n")
         if level <= log.INFO:
             timeout = 10
             urgency = NOTIFY_URGENCY_LOW
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/linux/wayland_connection.py b/plover/oslayer/linux/wayland_connection.py
index 08369d95c..91cbc26ec 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/linux/wayland_connection.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/linux/wayland_connection.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def _recv_fds_exact(self, length: int, fd_count: int):
                 if key.fileobj == self._shutdown_pipe_read:
                     raise InterruptedError()
                 # Based on Python3 socket.recvmsg docs (https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html#socket.socket.recvmsg)
-                n, ancdata, flags, addr = self._wayland_socket.recvmsg_into(
+                n, ancdata, _flags, _addr = self._wayland_socket.recvmsg_into(
                     [buffer_view], socket.CMSG_LEN(fd_count * fds.itemsize)
                 )
                 for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ def wayland_keymap_event_loop(connection: WaylandConnection) -> tuple[int, int]:
             break
         elif object_id == DISPLAY_ID and opcode == OPCODE_WL_DISPLAY_ERROR:
             # wl_display::error
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Wayland error: {repr(event_data_bytes)}")
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Wayland error: {event_data_bytes!r}")
         elif object_id == DISPLAY_ID and opcode == OPCODE_WL_DISPLAY_DELETE_ID:
             # wl_display::delete_id
             if length != WAYLAND_MESSAGE_HEADER_SIZE_BYTES + 4:
@@ -288,6 +288,6 @@ def wayland_keymap_event_loop(connection: WaylandConnection) -> tuple[int, int]:
             return fd, keymap_size
         elif object_id == DISPLAY_ID and opcode == OPCODE_WL_DISPLAY_ERROR:
             # wl_display::error
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Wayland error: {repr(event_data_bytes)}")
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Wayland error: {event_data_bytes!r}")
         else:
             log.debug("Ignoring event for object %d, opcode %d", object_id, opcode)
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/linux/wmctrl_x11.py b/plover/oslayer/linux/wmctrl_x11.py
index e7479ba08..6d64dca8d 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/linux/wmctrl_x11.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/linux/wmctrl_x11.py
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ def __init__(self):
         self._root = self._display.screen().root
         self._atoms = {
             name: self._display.intern_atom(name)
-            for name in """
-            _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW
-            _NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP
-            _NET_WM_DESKTOP
-            _WIN_WORKSPACE
-            """.split()
+            for name in [
+                "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW",
+                "_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP",
+                "_NET_WM_DESKTOP",
+                "_WIN_WORKSPACE",
+            ]
         }
 
     def _get_wm_property(self, window, atom_name):
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/osx/keyboardcontrol.py b/plover/oslayer/osx/keyboardcontrol.py
index 4973454a9..263a844bd 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/osx/keyboardcontrol.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/osx/keyboardcontrol.py
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-# coding: utf-8
-
 import threading
-from time import sleep
 from queue import Queue
+from time import sleep
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 from Quartz import (
     CFMachPortCreateRunLoopSource,
     CFMachPortInvalidate,
+    CFRelease,
     CFRunLoopAddSource,
-    CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate,
     CFRunLoopGetCurrent,
     CFRunLoopRun,
+    CFRunLoopSourceInvalidate,
     CFRunLoopStop,
-    CFRelease,
     CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent,
     CGEventGetFlags,
     CGEventGetIntegerValueField,
@@ -23,6 +22,8 @@
     CGEventSourceCreate,
     CGEventTapCreate,
     CGEventTapEnable,
+    NSEvent,
+    NSSystemDefined,
     kCFRunLoopCommonModes,
     kCGEventFlagMaskAlternate,
     kCGEventFlagMaskCommand,
@@ -33,24 +34,21 @@
     kCGEventFlagMaskShift,
     kCGEventKeyDown,
     kCGEventKeyUp,
+    kCGEventSourceStateHIDSystemState,
     kCGEventTapDisabledByTimeout,
     kCGEventTapOptionDefault,
     kCGHeadInsertEventTap,
     kCGKeyboardEventKeycode,
     kCGSessionEventTap,
-    kCGEventSourceStateHIDSystemState,
-    NSEvent,
-    NSSystemDefined,
 )
 
 from plover import log
-from plover.key_combo import add_modifiers_aliases, parse_key_combo, KEYNAME_TO_CHAR
+from plover.key_combo import KEYNAME_TO_CHAR, add_modifiers_aliases, parse_key_combo
 from plover.machine.keyboard_capture import Capture
 from plover.output.keyboard import GenericKeyboardEmulation
 
 from .keyboardlayout import KeyboardLayout
 
-
 BACK_SPACE = 51
 
 NX_KEY_OFFSET = 65536
@@ -292,7 +290,7 @@ def start(self):
         if self._tap is None:
             # TODO: See if there is a nice way to show
             # the user what's needed (or do it for them).
-            raise Exception("Enable access for assistive devices.")
+            raise RuntimeError("Enable access for assistive devices.")
         self._source = CFMachPortCreateRunLoopSource(None, self._tap, 0)
         loop_is_set = threading.Event()
         self._thread = threading.Thread(
@@ -318,7 +316,7 @@ def cancel(self):
 
 
 class KeyboardCapture(Capture):
-    _KEYBOARD_EVENTS = {kCGEventKeyDown, kCGEventKeyUp}
+    _KEYBOARD_EVENTS: ClassVar[set] = {kCGEventKeyDown, kCGEventKeyUp}
 
     # Don't ignore Fn and Numeric flags so we can handle
     # the arrow and extended (home, end, etc...) keys.
@@ -480,13 +478,13 @@ def name_to_code(name):
                 pass
             # Dead keys
             elif name.startswith("dead_"):
-                code, mod = self._layout.deadkey_symbol_to_key_sequence(
+                code, _mod = self._layout.deadkey_symbol_to_key_sequence(
                     DEADKEY_SYMBOLS.get(name)
                 )[0]
             # Normal keys
             else:
                 char = KEYNAME_TO_CHAR.get(name, name)
-                code, mods = self._layout.char_to_key_sequence(char)[0]
+                code, _mods = self._layout.char_to_key_sequence(char)[0]
             return code
 
         # Parse and validate combo.
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/osx/keyboardlayout.py b/plover/oslayer/osx/keyboardlayout.py
index 9a6b7cbb1..b193e4af7 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/osx/keyboardlayout.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/osx/keyboardlayout.py
@@ -1,26 +1,23 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Author: @abarnert, @willwade, and @morinted
 # Code taken and modified from
 # <https://github.com/willwade/PyUserInput/blob/master/pykeyboard/mac_keycode.py>
 # <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1918841/how-to-convert-ascii-character-to-cgkeycode>
 
-from threading import Thread
 import ctypes
 import ctypes.util
 import re
 import struct
 import unicodedata
+from threading import Thread
 
-from PyObjCTools import AppHelper
 import AppKit
 import Foundation
+from PyObjCTools import AppHelper
 
 from plover import log
 from plover.key_combo import CHAR_TO_KEYNAME
 from plover.misc import popcount_8
 
-
 carbon_path = ctypes.util.find_library("Carbon")
 carbon = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(carbon_path)
 
@@ -97,10 +94,8 @@ def is_printable(string):
         category = unicodedata.category(character)
         if category[0] in "C":
             # Exception: the "Apple" character that most Mac layouts have
-            return False if string != "" else True
-        elif category == "Zs" and character != " ":
-            return False
-        elif category in "Zl, Zp":
+            return string == "\uf8ff"
+        elif category == "Zs" and character != " " or category in "Zl, Zp":
             return False
     return True
 
@@ -186,25 +181,25 @@ def _deadkeys_by_symbols(self):
         deadkeys_by_symbol = {}
         for symbol, equivalent_symbols in symbols.items():
             for equivalent_symbol in equivalent_symbols:
-                sequence = self.char_to_key_sequence("dk%s" % equivalent_symbol)
+                sequence = self.char_to_key_sequence(f"dk{equivalent_symbol}")
                 if sequence[0][0] is not None:
                     deadkeys_by_symbol[symbol] = sequence
         return deadkeys_by_symbol
 
     def format_modifier_header(self):
         modifiers = (
-            "| {}\t".format(KeyboardLayout._modifier_string(mod)).expandtabs(8)
+            f"| {KeyboardLayout._modifier_string(mod)}\t".expandtabs(8)
             for mod in sorted(self._modifier_masks.values())
         )
         header = "Keycode\t{}".format("".join(modifiers))
-        return "%s\n%s" % (header, re.sub(r"[^|]", "-", header))
+        return "{}\n{}".format(header, re.sub(r"[^|]", "-", header))
 
     def format_keycode_keys(self, keycode):
         """Returns all the variations of the keycode with modifiers"""
         keys = (
-            "| {}\t".format(
-                get_printable_string(self._key_sequence_to_char[keycode, mod])
-            ).expandtabs(8)
+            f"| {get_printable_string(self._key_sequence_to_char[keycode, mod])}\t".expandtabs(
+                8
+            )
             for mod in sorted(self._modifier_masks.values())
         )
 
@@ -271,7 +266,7 @@ def _get_layout():
 
     @staticmethod
     def _parse_layout(buf, ktype):
-        hf, dv, featureinfo, ktcount = struct.unpack_from("HHII", buf)
+        _hf, _dv, _featureinfo, ktcount = struct.unpack_from("HHII", buf)
         offset = struct.calcsize("HHII")
         ktsize = struct.calcsize("IIIIIII")
         kts = [
@@ -284,10 +279,10 @@ def _parse_layout(buf, ktype):
                 break
         else:
             kentry = 0
-        ktf, ktl, modoff, charoff, sroff, stoff, seqoff = kts[kentry]
+        _ktf, _ktl, modoff, charoff, sroff, stoff, seqoff = kts[kentry]
 
         # Modifiers
-        mf, deftable, mcount = struct.unpack_from("HHI", buf, modoff)
+        _mf, _deftable, mcount = struct.unpack_from("HHI", buf, modoff)
         modtableoff = modoff + struct.calcsize("HHI")
         modtables = struct.unpack_from("B" * mcount, buf, modtableoff)
         modifier_masks = {}
@@ -297,7 +292,7 @@ def _parse_layout(buf, ktype):
         # Sequences
         sequences = []
         if seqoff:
-            sf, scount = struct.unpack_from("HH", buf, seqoff)
+            _sf, scount = struct.unpack_from("HH", buf, seqoff)
             seqtableoff = seqoff + struct.calcsize("HH")
             lastoff = -1
             for soff in struct.unpack_from("H" * scount, buf, seqtableoff):
@@ -319,7 +314,7 @@ def lookupseq(key):
         # Dead keys
         deadkeys = []
         if sroff:
-            srf, srcount = struct.unpack_from("HH", buf, sroff)
+            _srf, srcount = struct.unpack_from("HH", buf, sroff)
             srtableoff = sroff + struct.calcsize("HH")
             for recoff in struct.unpack_from("I" * srcount, buf, srtableoff):
                 cdata, nextstate, ecount, eformat = struct.unpack_from(
@@ -330,7 +325,7 @@ def lookupseq(key):
                 deadkeys.append((cdata, nextstate, ecount, eformat, edata))
 
         if stoff:
-            stf, stcount = struct.unpack_from("HH", buf, stoff)
+            _stf, stcount = struct.unpack_from("HH", buf, stoff)
             sttableoff = stoff + struct.calcsize("HH")
             dkterms = struct.unpack_from("H" * stcount, buf, sttableoff)
         else:
@@ -400,10 +395,11 @@ def save_shortest_key_sequence(character, new_sequence):
                 elif len(new_sequence) < len(current_sequence):
                     char_to_key_sequence[character] = new_sequence[0]
                 # Favor fewer modifiers on last item
-                elif last_current_better < 0:
-                    char_to_key_sequence[character] = new_sequence
-                # Favor lower modifiers on first item if last item is the same
-                elif last_current_better == 0 and first_current_better < 0:
+                elif (
+                    last_current_better < 0
+                    or last_current_better == 0
+                    and first_current_better < 0
+                ):
                     char_to_key_sequence[character] = new_sequence
 
         def lookup_and_add(key, j, mod):
@@ -411,7 +407,7 @@ def lookup_and_add(key, j, mod):
             save_shortest_key_sequence(ch, (j, mod))
             key_sequence_to_char[j, mod] = ch
 
-        cf, csize, ccount = struct.unpack_from("HHI", buf, charoff)
+        _cf, csize, ccount = struct.unpack_from("HHI", buf, charoff)
         chartableoff = charoff + struct.calcsize("HHI")
 
         for i, table_offset in enumerate(
@@ -422,7 +418,7 @@ def lookup_and_add(key, j, mod):
                 if key == 65535:
                     key_sequence_to_char[j, mod] = "mod"
                 elif key >= 0xFFFE:
-                    key_sequence_to_char[j, mod] = "<{}>".format(key)
+                    key_sequence_to_char[j, mod] = f"<{key}>"
                 elif key & 0x0C000 == 0x4000:
                     dead = key & ~0xC000
                     if dead < len(deadkeys):
@@ -433,21 +429,19 @@ def lookup_and_add(key, j, mod):
                             current_deadkey = deadkey_state_to_key_sequence.setdefault(
                                 nextstate, new_deadkey
                             )
-                            if new_deadkey != current_deadkey:
-                                if (
-                                    favored_modifiers(
-                                        current_deadkey[1], new_deadkey[1]
-                                    )
-                                    < 0
-                                ):
-                                    deadkey_state_to_key_sequence[nextstate] = (
-                                        new_deadkey
-                                    )
+                            if (
+                                new_deadkey != current_deadkey
+                                and favored_modifiers(
+                                    current_deadkey[1], new_deadkey[1]
+                                )
+                                < 0
+                            ):
+                                deadkey_state_to_key_sequence[nextstate] = new_deadkey
                             if nextstate - 1 < len(dkterms):
                                 base_key = lookupseq(dkterms[nextstate - 1])
-                                dead_key_name = "dk{}".format(base_key)
+                                dead_key_name = f"dk{base_key}"
                             else:
-                                dead_key_name = "dk#{}".format(nextstate)
+                                dead_key_name = f"dk#{nextstate}"
                             key_sequence_to_char[j, mod] = dead_key_name
                             save_shortest_key_sequence(dead_key_name, (j, mod))
                         elif eformat == 1 or (eformat == 0 and not nextstate):
@@ -496,10 +490,7 @@ def lookup_and_add(key, j, mod):
                 sequence.append(
                     (
                         code,
-                        "{}{}".format(
-                            layout._modifier_string(mod),
-                            layout.key_code_to_char(code, 0),
-                        ),
+                        f"{layout._modifier_string(mod)}{layout.key_code_to_char(code, 0)}",
                     )
                 )
             else:
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/osx/log.py b/plover/oslayer/osx/log.py
index 44ae9ef0b..469711fc7 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/osx/log.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/osx/log.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-import objc
 import logging
+
+import objc
+
 from plover import log
 
 NSUserNotification = objc.lookUpClass("NSUserNotification")
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/osx/wmctrl.py b/plover/oslayer/osx/wmctrl.py
index 7d13cb1e1..61ae27a57 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/osx/wmctrl.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/osx/wmctrl.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from Cocoa import (
-    NSWorkspace,
-    NSRunningApplication,
     NSApplicationActivateIgnoringOtherApps,
+    NSRunningApplication,
+    NSWorkspace,
 )
 
 
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/windows/i18n.py b/plover/oslayer/windows/i18n.py
index 53faaa360..1cde65e12 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/windows/i18n.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/windows/i18n.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import locale
-
 from ctypes import windll
 
 
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/windows/keyboardcontrol.py b/plover/oslayer/windows/keyboardcontrol.py
index e960dc10f..bb6e64666 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/windows/keyboardcontrol.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/windows/keyboardcontrol.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 
 """
 
-from ctypes import windll, wintypes
 import atexit
 import ctypes
 import multiprocessing
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@
 import signal
 import threading
 import winreg
+from ctypes import windll, wintypes
 
 from plover import log
 from plover.key_combo import parse_key_combo
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/windows/keyboardlayout.py b/plover/oslayer/windows/keyboardlayout.py
index 52a75c927..c0e747ec7 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/windows/keyboardlayout.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/windows/keyboardlayout.py
@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-from collections import defaultdict, namedtuple
-from ctypes import windll, wintypes
 import codecs
 import ctypes
 import sys
+from collections import defaultdict, namedtuple
+from ctypes import windll, wintypes
 
 from plover.key_combo import CHAR_TO_KEYNAME, add_modifiers_aliases
 from plover.misc import popcount_8
 
 from .wmctrl import GetForegroundWindow
 
-
 GetKeyboardLayout = windll.user32.GetKeyboardLayout
 GetKeyboardLayout.argtypes = [
     wintypes.DWORD,  # idThread
@@ -60,7 +57,16 @@ def enum(name, items):
     (
         (mod, n)
         for n, mod in enumerate(
-            "BASE SHIFT CTRL SHIFT_CTRL MENU SHIFT_MENU MENU_CTRL SHIFT_MENU_CTRL".split()
+            [
+                "BASE",
+                "SHIFT",
+                "CTRL",
+                "SHIFT_CTRL",
+                "MENU",
+                "SHIFT_MENU",
+                "MENU_CTRL",
+                "SHIFT_MENU_CTRL",
+            ]
         )
     ),
 )
@@ -247,7 +253,7 @@ def shift_state_str(ss):
 vk_dict["HANGUL"] = vk_dict["KANA"]
 vk_dict["KANJI"] = vk_dict["HANJA"]
 for digit in range(10):
-    vk_dict["DIGIT%u" % digit] = 0x30 + digit
+    vk_dict[f"DIGIT{digit}"] = 0x30 + digit
 for anum in range(26):
     vk_dict[chr(ord("A") + anum)] = 0x41 + anum
 VK = enum("VK", vk_dict.items())
@@ -356,7 +362,7 @@ def shift_state_str(ss):
 
 def vk_to_str(vk):
     s = VK_TO_NAME.get(vk)
-    return "%x" % vk if s is None else s
+    return f"{vk:x}" if s is None else s
 
 
 # }}}
@@ -434,8 +440,7 @@ def sort_vk_ss_list(vk_ss_list):
                 char, dead_key = to_unichr(vk, sc, ss)
                 if debug and char:
                     print(
-                        "%s%s -> %s [%r] %s"
-                        % (
+                        "{}{} -> {} [{!r}] {}".format(
                             shift_state_str(ss),
                             vk_to_str(vk),
                             char,
@@ -501,12 +506,11 @@ def current_layout_id():
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     sys.stdout = codecs.getwriter("utf8")(sys.stdout)
     layout = KeyboardLayout(debug=True)
-    print("character to virtual key + shift state [%u]" % len(layout.char_to_vk_ss))
+    print(f"character to virtual key + shift state [{len(layout.char_to_vk_ss)}]")
     for char, combo in sorted(layout.char_to_vk_ss.items()):
         vk, ss = combo
         print(
-            "%s [%r:%s] -> %s%s"
-            % (
+            "{} [{!r}:{}] -> {}{}".format(
                 char,
                 char,
                 CHAR_TO_KEYNAME.get(char, "?"),
@@ -515,15 +519,16 @@ def current_layout_id():
             )
         )
     print()
-    print("keyname to virtual key [%u]" % len(layout.keyname_to_vk))
+    print(f"keyname to virtual key [{len(layout.keyname_to_vk)}]")
     for kn, vk in sorted(layout.keyname_to_vk.items()):
-        print("%s -> %s" % (kn, vk_to_str(vk)))
+        print(f"{kn} -> {vk_to_str(vk)}")
     print()
-    print("modifiers combo [%u]" % len(layout.ss_to_vks))
+    print(f"modifiers combo [{len(layout.ss_to_vks)}]")
     for ss, vk_list in sorted(layout.ss_to_vks.items()):
         print(
-            "%s -> %s"
-            % (shift_state_str(ss), "+".join(vk_to_str(vk) for vk in vk_list))
+            "{} -> {}".format(
+                shift_state_str(ss), "+".join(vk_to_str(vk) for vk in vk_list)
+            )
         )
 
 # vim: foldmethod=marker
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/windows/log.py b/plover/oslayer/windows/log.py
index 8c906a50e..63b34ce4a 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/windows/log.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/windows/log.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-from plyer import notification
 import logging
 import os
 
-from plover import log, __name__ as __software_name__
+from plyer import notification
+
+from plover import __name__ as __software_name__
+from plover import log
 from plover.oslayer.config import ASSETS_DIR
 
 APPNAME = __software_name__.capitalize()
diff --git a/plover/oslayer/windows/wmctrl.py b/plover/oslayer/windows/wmctrl.py
index cc41eb963..3c587cca1 100644
--- a/plover/oslayer/windows/wmctrl.py
+++ b/plover/oslayer/windows/wmctrl.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from ctypes import windll, wintypes
 
-
 GetForegroundWindow = windll.user32.GetForegroundWindow
 GetForegroundWindow.argtypes = []
 GetForegroundWindow.restype = wintypes.HWND
diff --git a/plover/plugins_manager/__main__.py b/plover/plugins_manager/__main__.py
index 324286df5..bb436eb79 100644
--- a/plover/plugins_manager/__main__.py
+++ b/plover/plugins_manager/__main__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+import itertools
 import os
-import subprocess
 import site
+import subprocess
 import sys
-import itertools
 
 from plover.plugins_manager import global_registry, local_registry
 from plover.plugins_manager.utils import running_under_virtualenv
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def pip(args, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, **kwargs):
             )
         )
     else:
-        raise ValueError("invalid command: %s" % command)
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid command: {command}")
     cmd.extend(args)
     return subprocess.Popen(
         cmd, env=env, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, **kwargs
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ def list_plugins(freeze=False):
         info = latest or current
         if freeze:
             if current:
-                print("%s==%s" % (current.name, current.version))
+                print(f"{current.name}=={current.version}")
             continue
-        print("%s (%s)  - %s" % (info.name, info.version, info.summary))
+        print(f"{info.name} ({info.version})  - {info.summary}")
         if current:
-            print("  INSTALLED: %s" % current.version)
+            print(f"  INSTALLED: {current.version}")
             if latest:
-                print("  LATEST:    %s" % latest.version)
+                print(f"  LATEST:    {latest.version}")
 
 
 def main(args=None):
diff --git a/plover/plugins_manager/global_registry.py b/plover/plugins_manager/global_registry.py
index 67a45caec..f81826334 100644
--- a/plover/plugins_manager/global_registry.py
+++ b/plover/plugins_manager/global_registry.py
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ def list_plugins():
         release_info = release["info"]
         plugin_metadata = PluginMetadata.from_dict(release_info)
         plugins[canonicalize_name(plugin_metadata.name)].append(plugin_metadata)
-    plugins = {name: list(sorted(versions)) for name, versions in plugins.items()}
+    plugins = {name: sorted(versions) for name, versions in plugins.items()}
     return plugins
diff --git a/plover/plugins_manager/local_registry.py b/plover/plugins_manager/local_registry.py
index 85b4b4c63..94b522869 100644
--- a/plover/plugins_manager/local_registry.py
+++ b/plover/plugins_manager/local_registry.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
+from importlib.metadata import distributions
 
 from pkginfo.distribution import Distribution as Metadata
-from importlib.metadata import distributions
 
-from plover.plugins_manager.plugin_metadata import PluginMetadata
 from plover import log
+from plover.plugins_manager.plugin_metadata import PluginMetadata
 
 
 def list_plugins():
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def list_plugins():
         plugins[dist.metadata["Name"].lower()].append(plugin_metadata)
 
     # Sort and return plugins
-    return {name: list(sorted(versions)) for name, versions in plugins.items()}
+    return {name: sorted(versions) for name, versions in plugins.items()}
diff --git a/plover/plugins_manager/package_index.py b/plover/plugins_manager/package_index.py
index 53e9cd21d..73c4bd31c 100644
--- a/plover/plugins_manager/package_index.py
+++ b/plover/plugins_manager/package_index.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-from concurrent.futures import as_completed
 import json
 import os
+from concurrent.futures import as_completed
 
 from plover.plugins_manager.requests import CachedFuturesSession
 
-
 PYPI_URL = "https://pypi.org/pypi"
 REGISTRY_URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openstenoproject/plover_plugins_registry/master/registry.json"
 
@@ -26,9 +25,9 @@ def fetch_release(name, version=None):
             return
         all_releases[(name, version)] = None
         if version is None:
-            url = "%s/%s/json" % (pypi_url, name)
+            url = f"{pypi_url}/{name}/json"
         else:
-            url = "%s/%s/%s/json" % (pypi_url, name, version)
+            url = f"{pypi_url}/{name}/{version}/json"
         in_progress.add(session.get(url))
 
     with session:
diff --git a/plover/plugins_manager/plugin_metadata.py b/plover/plugins_manager/plugin_metadata.py
index 2bfa54fdd..08140d555 100644
--- a/plover/plugins_manager/plugin_metadata.py
+++ b/plover/plugins_manager/plugin_metadata.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class PluginMetadata(
 ):
     @property
     def requirement(self):
-        return "%s==%s" % (self.name, self.version)
+        return f"{self.name}=={self.version}"
 
     @property
     def parsed_version(self):
diff --git a/plover/plugins_manager/registry.py b/plover/plugins_manager/registry.py
index 44dcdc771..1db926cbb 100644
--- a/plover/plugins_manager/registry.py
+++ b/plover/plugins_manager/registry.py
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-from plover import log, __version__
-
+from plover import __version__, log
 from plover.plugins_manager import global_registry, local_registry
-
 from plover.plugins_manager.requests import CachedFuturesSession
 
 
@@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ def parse_unsupported_plover_version(self, unsupported_plover_version) -> int:
                     f'Failed to parse unsupported plover version "{unsupported_plover_version}" from plugin metadata'
                 ) from e
         else:
-            raise ValueError(
+            raise TypeError(
                 f'Unknown format for unsupported plover version "{unsupported_plover_version}" from plugin metadata'
             )
 
diff --git a/plover/plugins_manager/requests.py b/plover/plugins_manager/requests.py
index 34d678f35..7fadc35d9 100644
--- a/plover/plugins_manager/requests.py
+++ b/plover/plugins_manager/requests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from requests_futures import sessions
 import requests_cache
+from requests_futures import sessions
 
 
 class CachedSession(requests_cache.CachedSession):
diff --git a/plover/plugins_manager/utils.py b/plover/plugins_manager/utils.py
index d737aac68..faa568555 100644
--- a/plover/plugins_manager/utils.py
+++ b/plover/plugins_manager/utils.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import sys
 
-from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter
 import readme_renderer.markdown
 import readme_renderer.rst
 import readme_renderer.txt
-
+from pygments.formatters import HtmlFormatter
 
 _RENDERERS = {
     None: readme_renderer.rst,
@@ -36,7 +35,5 @@ def running_under_virtualenv():
     if sys.prefix != getattr(sys, "base_prefix", sys.prefix):
         # venv
         return True
-    if hasattr(sys, "real_prefix"):
-        # virtualenv
-        return True
-    return False
+    # virtualenv
+    return hasattr(sys, "real_prefix")
diff --git a/plover/registry.py b/plover/registry.py
index 1f29aba49..85fda5952 100644
--- a/plover/registry.py
+++ b/plover/registry.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 from collections import namedtuple
+from importlib.metadata import PackageNotFoundError, entry_points
 
-from importlib.metadata import entry_points, PackageNotFoundError
-
-from plover.oslayer.config import PLUGINS_PLATFORM
 from plover import log
+from plover.oslayer.config import PLUGINS_PLATFORM
 
 
 class Plugin:
diff --git a/plover/resource.py b/plover/resource.py
index 933a4dd69..ba2d0d8d6 100644
--- a/plover/resource.py
+++ b/plover/resource.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+import os
+import shutil
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from importlib.util import find_spec
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
-import os
-import shutil
-
 
 ASSET_SCHEME = "asset:"
 
@@ -47,7 +46,10 @@ def resource_update(resource_name):
     filename = resource_filename(resource_name)
     directory = os.path.dirname(filename)
     extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]
-    tempfile = NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, dir=directory, suffix=extension or None)
+    # Only used to generate a unique filename: closed right away, removed on error.
+    tempfile = NamedTemporaryFile(  # noqa: SIM115
+        delete=False, dir=directory, suffix=extension or None
+    )
     try:
         tempfile.close()
         yield tempfile.name
diff --git a/plover/scripts/dist_main.py b/plover/scripts/dist_main.py
index a06e59228..6b0facea6 100644
--- a/plover/scripts/dist_main.py
+++ b/plover/scripts/dist_main.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
-import sys
 import subprocess
+import sys
 
 from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR, PLATFORM, PLUGINS_PLATFORM
 
diff --git a/plover/scripts/main.py b/plover/scripts/main.py
index f72a5a2a2..be88f76cb 100644
--- a/plover/scripts/main.py
+++ b/plover/scripts/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright (c) 2013 Hesky Fisher
 # See LICENSE.txt for details.
 
@@ -7,19 +6,17 @@
 import argparse
 import atexit
 import os
-import sys
 import subprocess
+import sys
 import traceback
-
 from importlib.metadata import entry_points
 
+from plover import __name__ as __software_name__
+from plover import __version__, log
 from plover.config import Config
-from plover.oslayer.controller import Controller
 from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR, CONFIG_FILE, PLATFORM
+from plover.oslayer.controller import Controller
 from plover.registry import registry
-from plover import log
-from plover import __name__ as __software_name__
-from plover import __version__
 
 
 def init_config_dir():
@@ -43,7 +40,7 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument(
         "--version",
         action="version",
-        version="%s %s" % (__software_name__.capitalize(), __version__),
+        version=f"{__software_name__.capitalize()} {__version__}",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-s",
diff --git a/plover/steno_dictionary.py b/plover/steno_dictionary.py
index b69165272..a1daa23e1 100644
--- a/plover/steno_dictionary.py
+++ b/plover/steno_dictionary.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.path = None
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.path)
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.path!r})"
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return str(self)
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
     def create(cls, resource):
         assert not resource.startswith(ASSET_SCHEME)
         if cls.readonly:
-            raise ValueError("%s does not support creation" % cls.__name__)
+            raise ValueError(f"{cls.__name__} does not support creation")
         d = cls()
         d.path = resource
         return d
@@ -129,8 +129,7 @@ def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
                 reverse[value].append(key)
                 casereverse[value.lower()].append(value)
                 key_len = len(key)
-                if key_len > longest_key:
-                    longest_key = key_len
+                longest_key = max(longest_key, key_len)
             self._longest_key = longest_key
         else:
             for iterable in iterable_list:
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ def casereverse_lookup(self, value):
 
 
 class StenoDictionaryCollection:
-    def __init__(self, dicts=[]):
+    def __init__(self, dicts=()):
         self.dicts = []
         self.filters = []
         self.set_dicts(dicts)
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ def longest_key(self):
         return max((d.longest_key for d in self.dicts if d.enabled), default=0)
 
     def set_dicts(self, dicts):
-        self.dicts = dicts[:]
+        self.dicts = list(dicts)
 
     def _lookup_keep_deleted(self, key, dicts=None, filters=()):
         """
@@ -201,9 +200,8 @@ def _lookup_keep_deleted(self, key, dicts=None, filters=()):
             if key_len > d.longest_key:
                 continue
             value = d.get(key)
-            if value is not None:
-                if not any(f(key, value) for f in filters):
-                    return value
+            if value is not None and not any(f(key, value) for f in filters):
+                return value
 
     def _lookup(self, key, dicts=None, filters=()):
         """
@@ -234,9 +232,8 @@ def _lookup_from_all(self, key, dicts=None, filters=()):
             if key_len > d.longest_key:
                 continue
             value = d.get(key)
-            if value:
-                if not any(f(key, value) for f in filters):
-                    values.append((value, d))
+            if value and not any(f(key, value) for f in filters):
+                values.append((value, d))
         return values
 
     def __str__(self):
diff --git a/plover/suggestions.py b/plover/suggestions.py
index 08c8646a8..ed4bba60b 100644
--- a/plover/suggestions.py
+++ b/plover/suggestions.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 from plover.steno import sort_steno_strokes
 
-
 Suggestion = collections.namedtuple("Suggestion", "text steno_list")
 
 
diff --git a/plover/system/__init__.py b/plover/system/__init__.py
index cc64fa264..4682370dd 100644
--- a/plover/system/__init__.py
+++ b/plover/system/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-from collections.abc import Sequence
 import os
 import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR
-from plover.resource import resource_filename
 from plover.registry import registry
+from plover.resource import resource_filename
 from plover.steno import Stroke
 
 
diff --git a/plover/translation.py b/plover/translation.py
index ee3b3a9c0..3e538b539 100644
--- a/plover/translation.py
+++ b/plover/translation.py
@@ -16,14 +16,13 @@
 
 """
 
-from collections import namedtuple
 import re
+from collections import namedtuple
 
+from plover import system
+from plover.registry import registry
 from plover.steno import Stroke
 from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionaryCollection
-from plover.registry import registry
-from plover import system
-
 
 _ESCAPE_RX = re.compile("(\\\\[nrt]|[\n\r\t])")
 _ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS = {
@@ -137,8 +136,8 @@ def __str__(self):
             translation = "None"
         else:
             translation = escape_translation(self.english)
-            translation = '"%s"' % translation.replace('"', r"\"")
-        return "Translation(%s : %s)" % (self.rtfcre, translation)
+            translation = '"{}"'.format(translation.replace('"', r"\""))
+        return f"Translation({self.rtfcre} : {translation})"
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return str(self)
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/check_requirements.py b/plover_build_utils/check_requirements.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 19574257c..edd46bc13
--- a/plover_build_utils/check_requirements.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/check_requirements.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-from importlib.metadata import distributions, requires, PackageNotFoundError
+from importlib.metadata import PackageNotFoundError, distributions, requires
+
 from packaging.requirements import Requirement
 
 
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/download.py b/plover_build_utils/download.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 204e0ba32..3943277bd
--- a/plover_build_utils/download.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/download.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-from urllib.request import urlopen
-from urllib.parse import urlsplit
 import hashlib
 import os
 import sys
-
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+from urllib.request import urlopen
 
 DOWNLOADS_DIR = os.path.join(".cache", "downloads")
 
@@ -39,11 +38,11 @@ def download(url, sha1=None, filename=None, downloads_dir=DOWNLOADS_DIR):
         if h.hexdigest() == sha1:
             break
         print(
-            "sha1 does not match: %s instead of %s" % (h.hexdigest(), sha1),
+            f"sha1 does not match: {h.hexdigest()} instead of {sha1}",
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
         os.unlink(dst)
-    assert os.path.exists(dst), "could not successfully retrieve %s" % url
+    assert os.path.exists(dst), f"could not successfully retrieve {url}"
     return dst
 
 
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/get_pip.py b/plover_build_utils/get_pip.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 1f5cb4d30..5d8606005
--- a/plover_build_utils/get_pip.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/get_pip.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 import os
-import sys
 import subprocess
+import sys
 
 
 def get_pip(args=None):
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/install_wheels.py b/plover_build_utils/install_wheels.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 53b1640e9..37a54a1d8
--- a/plover_build_utils/install_wheels.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/install_wheels.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
-
 # Default directory for caching wheels.
 WHEELS_CACHE = os.path.join(".cache", "wheels")
 
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ def install_wheels(
             install_only = True
             wheel_only = False
         else:
-            raise ValueError("unsupported option: %s" % opt)
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported option: {opt}")
         a = [opt] + args[:nb_args]
         del args[:nb_args]
         if wheel_only:
@@ -151,12 +150,12 @@ def install_wheels(
             install_args.extend(a)
     wheel_args[0:0] = ["wheel", "-f", wheels_cache, "-w", wheels_cache]
     install_args[0:0] = ["install", "--no-index", "--no-cache-dir", "-f", wheels_cache]
-    pip_kwargs = dict(pip_install=pip_install, no_progress=no_progress)
+    pip_kwargs = {"pip_install": pip_install, "no_progress": no_progress}
     code = _pip(wheel_args, **pip_kwargs)
     if code == 0 and not no_install:
         code = _pip(install_args, **pip_kwargs)
     if code != 0:
-        raise Exception("wheels installation failed: pip execution returned %u" % code)
+        raise RuntimeError(f"wheels installation failed: pip execution returned {code}")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/qt_ui_hooks.py b/plover_build_utils/qt_ui_hooks.py
index 1759dcb2b..429614cde 100644
--- a/plover_build_utils/qt_ui_hooks.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/qt_ui_hooks.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import re
-from typing import Match
+from re import Match
 
 
 def convert_ui_translations(contents: str) -> str:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def repl(m: Match[str]) -> str:
             field = " ".join(
                 word.lower() for word in re.split(r"([A-Z][a-z_0-9]+)", field) if word
             )
-            comment += ", {field}".format(field=field)
+            comment += f", {field}"
         comment += "."
         gd["pre2"] = gd["pre2"] or ""
         return "{comment}\n{ws}{pre1}{pre2}_({msg}".format(comment=comment, **gd)
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/setup.py b/plover_build_utils/setup.py
index 3db443578..c1bd75781 100644
--- a/plover_build_utils/setup.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/setup.py
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from importlib.metadata import PackageNotFoundError, distribution
+from typing import ClassVar
 
+import setuptools
 from setuptools.command.build_py import build_py
 from setuptools.command.develop import develop
-import setuptools
-from importlib.metadata import distribution, PackageNotFoundError
 
 
 class Command(setuptools.Command):
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def bdist_wheel(self):
         for cmd, py_version, dist_path in whl_cmd.distribution.dist_files:
             if cmd == "bdist_wheel":
                 return dist_path
-        raise Exception("could not find wheel path")
+        raise RuntimeError("could not find wheel path")
 
 
 # i18n support. {{{
@@ -51,10 +52,10 @@ def bdist_wheel(self):
 
 def babel_options(package, resource_dir=None):
     if resource_dir is None:
-        localedir = "%s/messages" % package
+        localedir = f"{package}/messages"
     else:
-        localedir = "%s/%s" % (package, resource_dir)
-    template = "%s/%s.pot" % (localedir, package)
+        localedir = f"{package}/{resource_dir}"
+    template = f"{localedir}/{package}.pot"
     return {
         "compile_catalog": {
             "domain": package,
@@ -85,13 +86,11 @@ def babel_options(package, resource_dir=None):
 
 class BuildUi(Command):
     description = "build UI files"
-    user_options = [
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = [
         ("force", "f", "force re-generation of all UI files"),
     ]
 
-    hooks = """
-    plover_build_utils.qt_ui_hooks:remove_ui_autoconnection
-    """.split()
+    hooks: ClassVar[list] = ["plover_build_utils.qt_ui_hooks:remove_ui_autoconnection"]
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         self.force = False
@@ -143,10 +142,7 @@ def _build_resources(self, src):
     def run(self):
         self.run_command("egg_info")
         std_hook_prefix = __package__ + ".qt_ui_hooks:"
-        hooks_info = [
-            h[len(std_hook_prefix) :] if h.startswith(std_hook_prefix) else h
-            for h in self.hooks
-        ]
+        hooks_info = [h.removeprefix(std_hook_prefix) for h in self.hooks]
         if self.verbose:
             print("generating UI using hooks:", ", ".join(hooks_info))
         ei_cmd = self.get_finalized_command("egg_info")
@@ -165,7 +161,7 @@ def run(self):
 
 
 class BuildPy(build_py):
-    build_dependencies = []
+    build_dependencies: ClassVar[list] = []
 
     def run(self):
         for command in self.build_dependencies:
@@ -179,7 +175,7 @@ def run(self):
 
 
 class Develop(develop):
-    build_dependencies = []
+    build_dependencies: ClassVar[list] = []
 
     def run(self):
         for command in self.build_dependencies:
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/source_less.py b/plover_build_utils/source_less.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/testing/__init__.py b/plover_build_utils/testing/__init__.py
index 61b06c742..6d85db73d 100644
--- a/plover_build_utils/testing/__init__.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/testing/__init__.py
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 from .steno_dictionary import dictionary_test
 
 __all__ = [
+    "CaptureOutput",
     "blackbox_test",
+    "dictionary_test",
     "make_dict",
-    "CaptureOutput",
     "parametrize",
     "steno_to_stroke",
-    "dictionary_test",
 ]
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/testing/blackbox.py b/plover_build_utils/testing/blackbox.py
index fa3d13208..1e8103491 100644
--- a/plover_build_utils/testing/blackbox.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/testing/blackbox.py
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 
 from plover import system
 from plover.formatting import (
-    Formatter,
-    SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE,
     SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER,
+    SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE,
+    Formatter,
 )
 from plover.steno import normalize_steno
 from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionary
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 from .output import CaptureOutput
 from .steno import steno_to_stroke
 
-
 BLACKBOX_OUTPUT_RX = re.compile("r?['\"]")
 
 
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ def blackbox_replay(blackbox, name, test):
             assert_msg += "   " + exception_class + "\n!= " + expected_exception
             assert exception_class == expected_exception, assert_msg
         else:
-            raise ValueError("invalid output:\n%s" % output)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid output:\n{output}")
 
 
 def _blackbox_replay_action(blackbox, action_spec):
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ def _blackbox_replay_action(blackbox, action_spec):
         assert len(args) == 1
         system.setup(args[0])
     else:
-        raise ValueError("invalid action:\n%r" % action_spec)
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid action:\n{action_spec!r}")
 
 
 def blackbox_test(cls_or_fn):
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/testing/dict.py b/plover_build_utils/testing/dict.py
index da28dce9f..9f0484e8b 100644
--- a/plover_build_utils/testing/dict.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/testing/dict.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-from contextlib import contextmanager
-from pathlib import Path
 import os
 import tempfile
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
 
 
 @contextmanager
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/testing/parametrize.py b/plover_build_utils/testing/parametrize.py
index 094ce8c38..608b613c7 100644
--- a/plover_build_utils/testing/parametrize.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/testing/parametrize.py
@@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ def parametrize(tests, arity=None):
     argvalues = []
     for n, t in enumerate(tests):
         line = inspect.getsourcelines(t)[1]
-        ids.append("%u:%u" % (n + 1, line))
+        ids.append(f"{n + 1}:{line}")
         argvalues.append(t())
     if arity is None:
         arity = len(argvalues[0])
     assert arity > 0
 
     def decorator(fn):
-        argnames = list(
+        argnames = [
             parameter.name
             for parameter in inspect.signature(fn).parameters.values()
             if parameter.default is inspect.Parameter.empty
-        )[-arity:]
+        ][-arity:]
         if arity == 1:
             argnames = argnames[0]
         return pytest.mark.parametrize(argnames, argvalues, ids=ids)(fn)
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/testing/steno_dictionary.py b/plover_build_utils/testing/steno_dictionary.py
index 1934e7a41..78e003ad3 100644
--- a/plover_build_utils/testing/steno_dictionary.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/testing/steno_dictionary.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-from collections import defaultdict
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 import ast
 import functools
 import inspect
 import os
+from collections import defaultdict
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -187,9 +187,8 @@ def test_readonly_no_create_allowed(self, tmp_path):
         """
         Don't allow creating a read-only dictionary.
         """
-        with self.sample_dict(tmp_path) as dict_path:
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                self.DICT_CLASS.create(str(dict_path))
+        with self.sample_dict(tmp_path) as dict_path, pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.DICT_CLASS.create(str(dict_path))
 
 
 _TEST_DICTIONARY_UPDATE_DICT = {
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/tree.py b/plover_build_utils/tree.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 9be3462d9..2eedf7f0c
--- a/plover_build_utils/tree.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/tree.py
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-from pathlib import Path
 import functools
 import operator
 import os.path
 import stat
 import sys
-
+from pathlib import Path
 
 BLOCK_SIZES = (
     (1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, "T"),
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@
 def format_size(size):
     for bs, unit in BLOCK_SIZES:
         if size >= bs:
-            return "%.1f%s" % (size / bs, unit)
+            return f"{size / bs:.1f}{unit}"
     return str(size)
 
 
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ def tree(path, dirs_only=False, max_depth=0, _depth=0):
             p += os.path.sep
         if is_symlink:
             p += " -> " + os.readlink(str(path))
-        print("%10s  %s" % (format_size(size), p))
+        print(f"{format_size(size):>10}  {p}")
     return size
 
 
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/trim.py b/plover_build_utils/trim.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index b9a3551b0..35d52e734
--- a/plover_build_utils/trim.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/trim.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 import glob
+import os
 import shutil
 import sys
-import os
 
 
 def trim(directory, patterns_file, verbose=True, dry_run=False):
diff --git a/plover_build_utils/zipdir.py b/plover_build_utils/zipdir.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 0d302487a..276eadc5c
--- a/plover_build_utils/zipdir.py
+++ b/plover_build_utils/zipdir.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 
 def zipdir(directory, compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED):
-    zipname = "%s.zip" % directory
+    zipname = f"{directory}.zip"
     prefix = os.path.dirname(directory)
     with zipfile.ZipFile(zipname, "w", compression) as zf:
         for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(directory):
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index ccbf3557c..33a914d3a 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 [build-system]
 requires = [
 	"babel",
+	"packaging",
 	"PySide6>=6.9.0",
 	"setuptools>=79.0.0",
 	"wheel",
 ]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+ignore = [
+	# Broad `except Exception` is Plover's deliberate crash-resilience idiom:
+	# engine hooks, plugin and dictionary loading must never take down the engine.
+	"BLE001",
+]
+
 [tool.towncrier]
 name = ""
 version = ""
diff --git a/reqs/constraints.txt b/reqs/constraints.txt
index a73ef9eb4..8b812bbb7 100644
--- a/reqs/constraints.txt
+++ b/reqs/constraints.txt
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ requests-futures==1.0.2
 requests-toolbelt==1.0.0
 rfc3986==2.0.0
 rtf-tokenize==1.0.1
-ruff==0.14.8 # also update .pre-commit-config.yaml
+ruff==0.16.0 # also update .pre-commit-config.yaml
 SecretStorage==3.3.3
 setuptools==79.0.0
 six==1.17.0
diff --git a/reqs/setup.txt b/reqs/setup.txt
index 3423c3ab9..4410119da 100644
--- a/reqs/setup.txt
+++ b/reqs/setup.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 babel
+packaging
 PySide6
 setuptools
 wheel
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 3defeadf9..f52fd5627 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
-from setuptools import setup
 from packaging.version import Version
+from setuptools import setup
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@
 __license__ = ""
 
 with open(os.path.join(__software_name__, "__init__.py")) as fp:
-    exec(fp.read())
+    exec(fp.read())  # noqa: S102
 
-from plover_build_utils.setup import BuildPy, BuildUi, Command, Develop, babel_options
+from typing import ClassVar
 
+from plover_build_utils.setup import BuildPy, BuildUi, Command, Develop, babel_options
 
 Develop.build_dependencies.append("build_py")
 BuildPy.build_dependencies.append("build_ui")
@@ -37,10 +38,7 @@
 }
 options = {}
 
-PACKAGE = "%s-%s" % (
-    __software_name__,
-    __version__,
-)
+PACKAGE = f"{__software_name__}-{__version__}"
 
 # Helpers. {{{
 
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ def get_version():
 
     # extend version with git revision if no tag is available - used for builds during development
     git_version = (
-        subprocess.check_output("git describe --tags --match=v[0-9]*".split())
+        subprocess.check_output(["git", "describe", "--tags", "--match=v[0-9]*"])
         .strip()
         .decode()
     )
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ def get_version():
 
 class BinaryDistWin(Command):
     description = "create distribution(s) for MS Windows"
-    user_options = [
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = [
         ("trim", "t", "trim the resulting distribution to reduce size"),
         ("zipdir", "z", "create a zip of the resulting directory"),
         (
@@ -82,8 +80,8 @@ class BinaryDistWin(Command):
         ),
         ("bash=", None, "bash executable to use for running the build script"),
     ]
-    boolean_options = ["installer", "trim", "zipdir"]
-    extra_args = []
+    boolean_options: ClassVar[list] = ["installer", "trim", "zipdir"]
+    extra_args: ClassVar[list] = []
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         self.bash = None
@@ -117,9 +115,9 @@ def run(self):
 
 
 class Launch(Command):
-    description = "run %s from source" % __software_name__.capitalize()
+    description = f"run {__software_name__.capitalize()} from source"
     command_consumes_arguments = True
-    user_options = []
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = []
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         self.args = None
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ def run(self):
 class PatchVersion(Command):
     description = "patch package version from VCS"
     command_consumes_arguments = True
-    user_options = []
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = []
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         self.args = []
@@ -214,8 +212,8 @@ def run(self):
 
 class BinaryDistApp(Command):
     description = "create an application bundle for Mac"
-    user_options = []
-    extra_args = []
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = []
+    extra_args: ClassVar[list] = []
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         pass
@@ -231,14 +229,14 @@ def run(self):
 
 
 class BinaryDistDmg(Command):
-    user_options = [
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = [
         (
             "skip-app-build",
             None,
             "skip building the app; assume dist/Plover.app already exists",
         ),
     ]
-    boolean_options = ["skip-app-build"]
+    boolean_options: ClassVar[list] = ["skip-app-build"]
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         self.skip_app_build = False
@@ -269,8 +267,8 @@ def run(self):
 
 
 class NotarizeApp(Command):
-    user_options = []
-    extra_args = []
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = []
+    extra_args: ClassVar[list] = []
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         pass
@@ -286,8 +284,8 @@ def run(self):
 
 
 class NotarizeDmg(Command):
-    user_options = []
-    extra_args = []
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = []
+    extra_args: ClassVar[list] = []
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         pass
@@ -330,7 +328,7 @@ def run(self):
 
 class BinaryDistAppImage(Command):
     description = "create AppImage distribution for Linux"
-    user_options = [
+    user_options: ClassVar[list] = [
         ("docker", None, "use docker to run the build script"),
         (
             "no-update-tools",
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ class BinaryDistAppImage(Command):
             "don't try to update AppImage tools, only fetch missing ones",
         ),
     ]
-    boolean_options = ["docker", "no-update-tools"]
+    boolean_options: ClassVar[list] = ["docker", "no-update-tools"]
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         self.docker = False
diff --git a/test/gui_qt/test_dictionaries_widget.py b/test/gui_qt/test_dictionaries_widget.py
index 96c1c4af8..2d359d0e2 100644
--- a/test/gui_qt/test_dictionaries_widget.py
+++ b/test/gui_qt/test_dictionaries_widget.py
@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
+import operator
 from collections import namedtuple
 from pathlib import Path
 from textwrap import dedent
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-import operator
-
-from PySide6.QtCore import QModelIndex, QPersistentModelIndex, Qt
+from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
+from PySide6.QtCore import QModelIndex, QPersistentModelIndex, Qt
 
 from plover.config import DictionaryConfig
 from plover.engine import ErroredDictionary
 from plover.gui_qt.dictionaries_widget import DictionariesModel, DictionariesWidget
-from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionary, StenoDictionaryCollection
 from plover.misc import expand_path
-
+from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionary, StenoDictionaryCollection
 from plover_build_utils.testing import parametrize
 
-from unittest import mock
-
 INVALID_EXCEPTION = Exception("loading error")
 
 ICON_TO_CHAR = {
@@ -139,8 +136,7 @@ def check(
             icon = index.data(Qt.ItemDataRole.DecorationRole)
             path = index.data(Qt.ItemDataRole.DisplayRole)
             actual_state.append(
-                "%s %s %s"
-                % (
+                "{} {} {}".format(
                     ENABLED_TO_CHAR.get(is_checked, "?"),
                     ICON_TO_CHAR.get(icon, "?"),
                     path,
@@ -188,7 +184,7 @@ def reset_mocks(self):
 def model_test(monkeypatch, request):
     state = request.function.__doc__
     # Patch configuration directory.
-    current_dir = Path(".").resolve()
+    current_dir = Path.cwd()
     monkeypatch.setattr("plover.misc.CONFIG_DIR", str(current_dir))
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         "plover.gui_qt.dictionaries_widget.CONFIG_DIR", str(current_dir)
@@ -201,12 +197,7 @@ def model_test(monkeypatch, request):
     # Dictionaries.
     dictionaries = StenoDictionaryCollection()
     # Fake engine.
-    engine = mock.MagicMock(
-        spec="""
-                            __enter__ __exit__
-                            config signal_connect
-                            """.split()
-    )
+    engine = mock.MagicMock(spec=["__enter__", "__exit__", "config", "signal_connect"])
     engine.__enter__.return_value = engine
     type(engine).config = config
     signals = mock.MagicMock()
@@ -216,12 +207,12 @@ def model_test(monkeypatch, request):
     }
     # Setup model.
     model = DictionariesModel(engine, {name: name for name in ICON_TO_CHAR}, max_undo=5)
-    for slot in """
-    dataChanged
-    layoutAboutToBeChanged
-    layoutChanged
-    has_undo_changed
-    """.split():
+    for slot in [
+        "dataChanged",
+        "layoutAboutToBeChanged",
+        "layoutChanged",
+        "has_undo_changed",
+    ]:
         getattr(model, slot).connect(getattr(signals, slot))
     connections = dict(call.args for call in engine.signal_connect.mock_calls)
     assert connections.keys() == {
@@ -287,7 +278,7 @@ def test_model_accessible_text_3(model_test):
     """
     ☑ ! invalid.bad
     """
-    expected = "invalid.bad, errored: %s." % INVALID_EXCEPTION
+    expected = f"invalid.bad, errored: {INVALID_EXCEPTION}."
     assert (
         model_test.model.index(0).data(Qt.ItemDataRole.AccessibleTextRole) == expected
     )
@@ -297,7 +288,7 @@ def test_model_accessible_text_4(model_test):
     """
     ☐ ! invalid.bad
     """
-    expected = "invalid.bad, disabled, errored: %s." % INVALID_EXCEPTION
+    expected = f"invalid.bad, disabled, errored: {INVALID_EXCEPTION}."
     assert (
         model_test.model.index(0).data(Qt.ItemDataRole.AccessibleTextRole) == expected
     )
@@ -912,12 +903,7 @@ def list_plugins(plugin_type):
     registry.list_plugins.side_effect = list_plugins
     monkeypatch.setattr("plover.gui_qt.dictionaries_widget.registry", registry)
     # Fake file dialog.
-    file_dialog = mock.MagicMock(
-        spec="""
-                                 getOpenFileNames
-                                 getSaveFileName
-                                 """.split()
-    )
+    file_dialog = mock.MagicMock(spec=["getOpenFileNames", "getSaveFileName"])
     monkeypatch.setattr("plover.gui_qt.dictionaries_widget.QFileDialog", file_dialog)
 
     # Fake `create_dictionary`.
@@ -1000,19 +986,19 @@ def test_widget_selection(widget_test, selection, enabled_actions):
     ☑ ! invalid.bad
     """
     widget_test.select(selection)
-    for action_name in """
-    AddDictionaries
-    AddTranslation
-    EditDictionaries
-    MoveDictionariesDown
-    MoveDictionariesUp
-    RemoveDictionaries
-    SaveDictionaries
-    Undo
-    """.split():
+    for action_name in [
+        "AddDictionaries",
+        "AddTranslation",
+        "EditDictionaries",
+        "MoveDictionariesDown",
+        "MoveDictionariesUp",
+        "RemoveDictionaries",
+        "SaveDictionaries",
+        "Undo",
+    ]:
         action = getattr(widget_test.widget, "action_" + action_name)
         enabled = action.isEnabled()
-        msg = "%s is %s" % (action_name, "enabled" if enabled else "disabled")
+        msg = "{} is {}".format(action_name, "enabled" if enabled else "disabled")
         assert enabled == (action_name in enabled_actions), msg
 
 
@@ -1048,8 +1034,8 @@ def test_widget_save_copy_1(widget_test):
     assert widget_test.file_dialog.mock_calls == [
         mock.call.getSaveFileName(
             parent=widget_test.widget,
-            caption="Save a copy of %s as..." % name,
-            dir=expand_path("%s - Copy.json" % Path(name).stem),
+            caption=f"Save a copy of {name} as...",
+            dir=expand_path(f"{Path(name).stem} - Copy.json"),
             filter=FILE_PICKER_SAVE_FILTER,
         )
         for name in ["favorite.json", "normal.json", "read-only.ro"]
@@ -1085,7 +1071,7 @@ def test_widget_save_merge_1(widget_test):
     assert widget_test.file_dialog.mock_calls == [
         mock.call.getSaveFileName(
             parent=widget_test.widget,
-            caption="Merge %s as..." % merge_name,
+            caption=f"Merge {merge_name} as...",
             dir=expand_path(merge_name + ".json"),
             filter=FILE_PICKER_SAVE_FILTER,
         )
@@ -1120,7 +1106,7 @@ def test_widget_save_merge_2(widget_test):
     assert widget_test.file_dialog.mock_calls == [
         mock.call.getSaveFileName(
             parent=widget_test.widget,
-            caption="Merge %s as..." % merge_name,
+            caption=f"Merge {merge_name} as...",
             dir=expand_path(merge_name + ".json"),
             filter=FILE_PICKER_SAVE_FILTER,
         )
diff --git a/test/gui_qt/test_i18n_files.py b/test/gui_qt/test_i18n_files.py
index 3b0b942f9..88634daba 100644
--- a/test/gui_qt/test_i18n_files.py
+++ b/test/gui_qt/test_i18n_files.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+import difflib
 import os
+import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
-import difflib
-import shutil
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/test/gui_qt/test_steno_validator.py b/test/gui_qt/test_steno_validator.py
index 0f15a0e56..6ba2834ae 100644
--- a/test/gui_qt/test_steno_validator.py
+++ b/test/gui_qt/test_steno_validator.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-from PySide6.QtGui import QValidator
-
 import pytest
+from PySide6.QtGui import QValidator
 
 from plover.gui_qt.steno_validator import StenoValidator
 
diff --git a/test/test_blackbox.py b/test/test_blackbox.py
index 8dd6deff4..14c28dd14 100644
--- a/test/test_blackbox.py
+++ b/test/test_blackbox.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 import pytest
 
 from plover import system
 from plover.registry import Registry
 from plover.system import english_stenotype
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import blackbox_test
 
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ class Melani:
         IMPLICIT_HYPHEN_KEYS = KEYS
         SUFFIX_KEYS = ()
         NUMBER_KEY = "#"
-        NUMBERS = {
+        NUMBERS: ClassVar[dict] = {
             "S-": "1-",
             "P-": "2-",
             "T-": "3-",
@@ -39,10 +38,10 @@ class Melani:
             "-i": "-9",
         }
         UNDO_STROKE_STENO = "*"
-        ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES = []
-        ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES_ALIASES = {}
+        ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES: ClassVar[list] = []
+        ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES_ALIASES: ClassVar[dict] = {}
         ORTHOGRAPHY_WORDLIST = None
-        KEYMAPS = {}
+        KEYMAPS: ClassVar[dict] = {}
         DICTIONARIES_ROOT = None
         DEFAULT_DICTIONARIES = ()
 
@@ -81,12 +80,12 @@ class KoreanCAS:
         )
         SUFFIX_KEYS = ()
         NUMBER_KEY = None
-        NUMBERS = {}
+        NUMBERS: ClassVar[dict] = {}
         UNDO_STROKE_STENO = "-ㅂㄴ"
-        ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES = []
-        ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES_ALIASES = {}
+        ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES: ClassVar[list] = []
+        ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES_ALIASES: ClassVar[dict] = {}
         ORTHOGRAPHY_WORDLIST = None
-        KEYMAPS = {}
+        KEYMAPS: ClassVar[dict] = {}
         DICTIONARIES_ROOT = None
         DEFAULT_DICTIONARIES = ()
 
diff --git a/test/test_command.py b/test/test_command.py
index f4f79af8a..26616df39 100644
--- a/test/test_command.py
+++ b/test/test_command.py
@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER
-
 from plover.command.set_config import set_config
 from plover.config import Config, DictionaryConfig
-
+from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER
 from plover_build_utils.testing import parametrize
 
-from .test_config import DEFAULTS, DEFAULT_KEYMAP
+from .test_config import DEFAULT_KEYMAP, DEFAULTS
 
 
 class FakeEngine:
@@ -32,9 +30,7 @@ def config(self, options):
 
 SET_CONFIG_TESTS = (
     lambda: (
-        '"space_placement":"{SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER}"'.format(
-            SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER=SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER
-        ),
+        f'"space_placement":"{SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER}"',
         SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER,
     ),
     lambda: ('"start_attached":True', True),
diff --git a/test/test_config.py b/test/test_config.py
index 1859ef59f..0a8339380 100644
--- a/test/test_config.py
+++ b/test/test_config.py
@@ -3,29 +3,29 @@
 
 """Unit tests for config.py."""
 
-from ast import literal_eval
-from contextlib import ExitStack
-from pathlib import Path
-from site import USER_BASE
-from string import Template
 import inspect
 import json
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from ast import literal_eval
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from pathlib import Path
+from site import USER_BASE
+from string import Template
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 import appdirs
 import pytest
 
-from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE, SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER
-
 from plover import config
 from plover.config import DictionaryConfig
-from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
+from plover.formatting import SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER, SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE
 from plover.machine.keyboard import Keyboard
 from plover.machine.keymap import Keymap
 from plover.misc import expand_path
+from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
 from plover.registry import Registry
 from plover.system import english_stenotype
 
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ class FakeSystem:
     NUMBER_KEY = english_stenotype.NUMBER_KEY
     NUMBERS = english_stenotype.NUMBERS
     UNDO_STROKE_STENO = english_stenotype.UNDO_STROKE_STENO
-    ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES = []
-    ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES_ALIASES = {}
+    ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES: ClassVar[list] = []
+    ORTHOGRAPHY_RULES_ALIASES: ClassVar[dict] = {}
     ORTHOGRAPHY_WORDLIST = None
-    KEYMAPS = {
+    KEYMAPS: ClassVar[dict] = {
         "Faky faky": english_stenotype.KEYMAPS["Keyboard"],
     }
     DEFAULT_DICTIONARIES = ("utilisateur.json", "principal.json")
@@ -167,13 +167,13 @@ def test_config_dict():
     ),
     (
         "simple_options",
-        """
+        f"""
      [Output Configuration]
      space_placement = {SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER}
      start_attached = true
      start_capitalized = yes
      undo_levels = 42
-     """.format(SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER=SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER),
+     """,
         dict_replace(
             DEFAULTS,
             {
@@ -190,13 +190,13 @@ def test_config_dict():
             "undo_levels": 200,
         },
         None,
-        """
+        f"""
      [Output Configuration]
      space_placement = {SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE}
      start_attached = False
      start_capitalized = False
      undo_levels = 200
-     """.format(SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE=SPACE_PLACEMENT_BEFORE),
+     """,
     ),
     (
         "machine_options",
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ def test_config_dict():
                 DictionaryConfig("principal.json"),
             ],
         },
-        """
+        f"""
      [Machine Configuration]
      auto_start = True
      machine_type = Faky faky
@@ -267,9 +267,8 @@ def test_config_dict():
      name = Faux système
 
      [System: Faux système]
-     keymap[faky faky] = %s
-     """
-        % DEFAULT_KEYMAP,
+     keymap[faky faky] = {DEFAULT_KEYMAP}
+     """,
     ),
     (
         "machine_bool_option",
@@ -356,9 +355,8 @@ def test_config_dict():
         "dictionaries",
         """
      [System: English Stenotype]
-     dictionaries = %s
-     """
-        % json.dumps([os.path.join(ABS_PATH, "user.json"), "english/main.json"]),
+     dictionaries = {}
+     """.format(json.dumps([os.path.join(ABS_PATH, "user.json"), "english/main.json"])),
         dict_replace(
             DEFAULTS,
             {
@@ -382,14 +380,15 @@ def test_config_dict():
         },
         """
      [System: English Stenotype]
-     dictionaries = %s
-     """
-        % json.dumps(
-            [
-                {"enabled": True, "path": os.path.join(ABS_PATH, "user.json")},
-                {"enabled": True, "path": os.path.join("english", "main.json")},
-            ],
-            sort_keys=True,
+     dictionaries = {}
+     """.format(
+            json.dumps(
+                [
+                    {"enabled": True, "path": os.path.join(ABS_PATH, "user.json")},
+                    {"enabled": True, "path": os.path.join("english", "main.json")},
+                ],
+                sort_keys=True,
+            )
         ),
     ),
     (
@@ -763,12 +762,11 @@ def path_expand(path):
     # Check plover.oslayer.config.CONFIG_DIR is correctly set.
     config_dir = pyeval(
         dedent_strip(
-            """
-        __import__('sys').path.insert(0, %r)
+            f"""
+        __import__('sys').path.insert(0, {str(Path(config.__file__).parent.parent)!r})
         from plover.oslayer.config import CONFIG_DIR
         print(repr(CONFIG_DIR))
         """
-            % str(Path(config.__file__).parent.parent)
         )
     )
     expected_config_dir = path_expand(expected_config_dir)
diff --git a/test/test_default_dict.py b/test/test_default_dict.py
index af82727e7..81c790fbe 100644
--- a/test/test_default_dict.py
+++ b/test/test_default_dict.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 from plover_build_utils.testing import steno_to_stroke
 
-
 DICT_NAMES = ["main.json", "commands.json", "user.json"]
 DICT_PATH = "plover/assets/"
 
@@ -25,9 +24,9 @@ def test_no_duplicates_categorized_files():
     for key, value_list in d.items():
         if len(value_list) > 1:
             has_duplicate = True
-            msg_list.append("key: %s\n" % key)
+            msg_list.append(f"key: {key}\n")
             for value in value_list:
-                msg_list.append("%r in %s\n" % value)
+                msg_list.append("{!r} in {}\n".format(*value))
     msg = "\n" + "".join(msg_list)
     assert not has_duplicate, msg
 
diff --git a/test/test_engine.py b/test/test_engine.py
index c4b749773..45e45d413 100644
--- a/test/test_engine.py
+++ b/test/test_engine.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from functools import partial
 import os
 import tempfile
+from functools import partial
+from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -19,11 +20,8 @@
 from plover.output import Output
 from plover.registry import Registry
 from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionaryCollection
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import make_dict
 
-from unittest import mock
-
 
 class FakeMachine(StenotypeBase):
     instance = None
@@ -96,7 +94,8 @@ def engine(monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setattr("plover.engine.registry", registry)
     ctrl = mock.MagicMock(spec=Controller)
     kbd = FakeKeyboardEmulation()
-    cfg_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+    # Closed right away: only used to get a unique config file path.
+    cfg_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(  # noqa: SIM115
         prefix="plover", suffix="config", delete=False
     )
     try:
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ def check_loaded_events(actual_events, expected_events):
         assert len(filtered_events) == len(expected_events)
         for n, event in enumerate(filtered_events):
             event_type, event_args, event_kwargs = event
-            msg = "event %u: %r" % (n, event)
+            msg = f"event {n}: {event!r}"
             assert event_type == "dictionaries_loaded", msg
             assert event_kwargs == {}, msg
             assert len(event_args) == 1, msg
diff --git a/test/test_formatting.py b/test/test_formatting.py
index 59893da18..6cb0ccda5 100644
--- a/test/test_formatting.py
+++ b/test/test_formatting.py
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@
 
 from plover import formatting
 from plover.formatting import (
-    Case,
     SPACE_PLACEMENT_AFTER,
+    Case,
 )
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import CaptureOutput, parametrize
 
 
@@ -22,13 +21,13 @@ def action(**kwargs):
     for k, v in list(kwargs.items()):
         if "_and_" in k:
             del kwargs[k]
-            for k in k.split("_and_"):
-                kwargs[k] = v
+            for sub_k in k.split("_and_"):
+                kwargs[sub_k] = v
     return formatting._Action(**kwargs)
 
 
 class MockTranslation:
-    def __init__(self, rtfcre=tuple(), english=None, formatting=None):
+    def __init__(self, rtfcre=(), english=None, formatting=None):
         self.rtfcre = rtfcre
         self.english = english
         self.formatting = formatting
diff --git a/test/test_json_dict.py b/test/test_json_dict.py
index 8d6e7d1e2..aed6ca028 100644
--- a/test/test_json_dict.py
+++ b/test/test_json_dict.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright (c) 2013 Hesky Fisher
 # See LICENSE.txt for details.
 
 """Unit tests for json.py."""
 
 from plover.dictionary.json_dict import JsonDictionary
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import dictionary_test
 
 
diff --git a/test/test_key_combo.py b/test/test_key_combo.py
index 92823f6a4..e9d2f3192 100644
--- a/test/test_key_combo.py
+++ b/test/test_key_combo.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def repr_expected(result):
 
     def repr_key_events(events):
         assert isinstance(events, list)
-        return ["%s%s" % ("+" if pressed else "-", key) for key, pressed in events]
+        return ["{}{}".format("+" if pressed else "-", key) for key, pressed in events]
 
     for action, *args in instructions:
         if action == "parse":
diff --git a/test/test_keyboard.py b/test/test_keyboard.py
index 97bccd37b..5d3ef98bd 100644
--- a/test/test_keyboard.py
+++ b/test/test_keyboard.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
+from unittest import mock
+
 import pytest
+from plover.oslayer.keyboardcontrol import KeyboardCapture
 
 from plover import system
 from plover.machine.keyboard import Keyboard
 from plover.machine.keymap import Keymap
-from plover.oslayer.keyboardcontrol import KeyboardCapture
 from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
 from plover.oslayer.linux.display_server import DISPLAY_SERVER
 
-from unittest import mock
-
 
 def send_input(capture, key_events):
     for evt in key_events.strip().split():
diff --git a/test/test_keymap.py b/test/test_keymap.py
index 400d27613..753447d06 100644
--- a/test/test_keymap.py
+++ b/test/test_keymap.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 
 def new_keymap():
-    return Keymap(("k%u" % n for n in range(8)), ("a%u" % n for n in range(4)))
+    return Keymap((f"k{n}" for n in range(8)), (f"a{n}" for n in range(4)))
 
 
 BINDINGS_LIST = (
diff --git a/test/test_loading_manager.py b/test/test_loading_manager.py
index d31548994..cdbc2ab6e 100644
--- a/test/test_loading_manager.py
+++ b/test/test_loading_manager.py
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 
 """Tests for loading_manager.py."""
 
-from collections import defaultdict
 import os
 import tempfile
+from collections import defaultdict
 
 import pytest
 
+from plover.dictionary import loading_manager
 from plover.engine import ErroredDictionary
-import plover.dictionary.loading_manager as loading_manager
 
 
 class FakeDictionaryContents:
@@ -28,10 +28,11 @@ class FakeDictionaryInfo:
     def __init__(self, name, contents):
         self.name = name
         self.contents = contents
-        self.tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+        # Kept open for the lifetime of the fake dictionary.
+        self.tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()  # noqa: SIM115
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "FakeDictionaryInfo(%r, %r)" % (self.name, self.contents)
+        return f"FakeDictionaryInfo({self.name!r}, {self.contents!r})"
 
 
 class MockLoader:
diff --git a/test/test_log.py b/test/test_log.py
index 21d0f3cee..438c9a647 100644
--- a/test/test_log.py
+++ b/test/test_log.py
@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@
 # See LICENSE.txt for details.
 
 import os
-from logging import Handler
 from collections import defaultdict
+from logging import Handler
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 import pytest
 
-from plover.steno import Stroke
 from plover import log
+from plover.steno import Stroke
 
 
 class FakeHandler(Handler):
-    outputs = defaultdict(list)
+    outputs: ClassVar[defaultdict] = defaultdict(list)
 
     def __init__(self, filename, format=log.STROKE_LOG_FORMAT):
         super().__init__()
diff --git a/test/test_machine.py b/test/test_machine.py
index bff21c748..0fc08dc9d 100644
--- a/test/test_machine.py
+++ b/test/test_machine.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 from unittest.mock import Mock
-from plover.machine.base import ThreadedStenotypeBase
+
 import pytest
 
+from plover.machine.base import ThreadedStenotypeBase
+
 
 class MyMachine(ThreadedStenotypeBase):
     def run(self):
diff --git a/test/test_misc.py b/test/test_misc.py
index dc89dbe6c..6b60bd271 100644
--- a/test/test_misc.py
+++ b/test/test_misc.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Copyright (c) 2016 Open Steno Project
 # See LICENSE.txt for details.
 
@@ -9,10 +8,9 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-import plover.misc as misc
 import plover.oslayer.config as conf
+from plover import misc
 from plover.resource import ASSET_SCHEME
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import parametrize
 
 
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ def test_dictionary_path(short_path, full_path):
         # Expand.
         (short_path, "expand", full_path),
     ):
-        function = "%s_path" % function
+        function = f"{function}_path"
         result = getattr(misc, function)(input)
         assert result == expected, function
 
diff --git a/test/test_orthography.py b/test/test_orthography.py
index f52937436..334d0fd71 100644
--- a/test/test_orthography.py
+++ b/test/test_orthography.py
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 # See LICENSE.txt for details.
 
 from plover.orthography import add_suffix
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import parametrize
 
-
 ADD_SUFFIX_TESTS = (
     lambda: ("artistic", "ly", "artistically"),
     lambda: ("cosmetic", "ly", "cosmetically"),
diff --git a/test/test_passport.py b/test/test_passport.py
index 0f2f57dc1..0280353af 100644
--- a/test/test_passport.py
+++ b/test/test_passport.py
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 """Unit tests for passport.py."""
 
 import threading
+from typing import ClassVar
 
 from plover.machine.passport import Passport
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import parametrize
 
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def test_passport(monkeypatch, inputs, expected):
 
     class mock(MockSerial):
         event = threading.Event()
-        data = [b"<123/" + s + b"/something>" for s in inputs]
+        data: ClassVar[list] = [b"<123/" + s + b"/something>" for s in inputs]
 
     monkeypatch.setattr("plover.machine.base.serial.Serial", mock)
     actual = []
diff --git a/test/test_resource.py b/test/test_resource.py
index f0ec0e2b4..57c7c4fa3 100644
--- a/test/test_resource.py
+++ b/test/test_resource.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from pathlib import Path
 import inspect
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -69,18 +69,19 @@ def test_resource_update(tmp_path):
     # Can't update assets.
     resource = "asset:plover:assets/pouet.json"
     resource_path = Path(resource_filename(resource))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        with resource_update(resource):
-            resource_path.write_bytes(b"contents")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError), resource_update(resource):
+        resource_path.write_bytes(b"contents")
     assert not resource_path.exists()
     # Don't update resource on exception (but still cleanup).
     resource = (tmp_path / "resource").resolve()
     exception_str = "Houston, we have a problem"
-    with pytest.raises(Exception, match=exception_str):
-        with resource_update(str(resource)) as tmpf:
-            tmpf = Path(tmpf)
-            tmpf.write_bytes(b"contents")
-            raise Exception(exception_str)
+    with (
+        pytest.raises(Exception, match=exception_str),
+        resource_update(str(resource)) as tmpf,
+    ):
+        tmpf = Path(tmpf)
+        tmpf.write_bytes(b"contents")
+        raise RuntimeError(exception_str)
     assert not resource.exists()
     assert not tmpf.exists()
     # Normal use.
diff --git a/test/test_rtfcre_dict.py b/test/test_rtfcre_dict.py
index ebaccc031..51249b836 100644
--- a/test/test_rtfcre_dict.py
+++ b/test/test_rtfcre_dict.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 from plover import __version__ as plover_version
 from plover.dictionary.rtfcre_dict import RtfDictionary, TranslationFormatter
 from plover.dictionary.rtfcre_parse import BadRtfError
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import dictionary_test, parametrize
 
 
@@ -89,15 +88,15 @@ def rtf_load_test(*spec, xfail=False):
     assert 1 <= len(spec) <= 2
     if len(spec) == 2:
         # Conversion test.
-        rtf_entries = r"{\*\cxs S}%s" % spec[0]
-        dict_entries = '"S": %r' % spec[1]
+        rtf_entries = rf"{{\*\cxs S}}{spec[0]}"
+        dict_entries = f'"S": {spec[1]!r}'
     else:
         spec = textwrap.dedent(spec[0]).lstrip()
         if not spec:
             rtf_entries, dict_entries = "", ""
         else:
             rtf_entries, dict_entries = tuple(spec.rsplit("\n\n", 1))
-    kwargs = dict(marks=pytest.mark.xfail) if xfail else {}
+    kwargs = {"marks": pytest.mark.xfail} if xfail else {}
     return pytest.param(rtf_entries, dict_entries, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -544,7 +543,7 @@ def make_dict(contents):
         rtf = "\r\n".join(
             [r"{\rtf1\ansi\cxdict{\*\cxrev100}{\*\cxsystem Fake Software}"]
             + [r"{\stylesheet"]
-            + [r"{\s%d %s;}" % (k, v) for k, v in rtf_styles.items()]
+            + [rf"{{\s{k} {v};}}" for k, v in rtf_styles.items()]
             + ["}", contents, "}", ""]
         )
         return rtf.encode("cp1252")
diff --git a/test/test_steno.py b/test/test_steno.py
index 1f113e9dc..e30c291a9 100644
--- a/test/test_steno.py
+++ b/test/test_steno.py
@@ -7,11 +7,9 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from plover.steno import normalize_steno, Stroke
-
+from plover.steno import Stroke, normalize_steno
 from plover_build_utils.testing import parametrize
 
-
 NORMALIZE_TESTS = (
     lambda: ("S", ("S",)),
     lambda: ("S-", ("S",)),
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ def test_normalize_steno(mode, steno, expected):
             return
         expected = expected[1]
     result = normalize_steno(steno, **kwargs)
-    msg = "normalize_steno(%r, %s)=%r != %r" % (steno, mode, result, expected)
+    msg = f"normalize_steno({steno!r}, {mode})={result!r} != {expected!r}"
     assert result == expected, msg
 
 
diff --git a/test/test_steno_dictionary.py b/test/test_steno_dictionary.py
index 0981c0406..ab6d687bc 100644
--- a/test/test_steno_dictionary.py
+++ b/test/test_steno_dictionary.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import pytest
 
 from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionary, StenoDictionaryCollection
-
 from plover_build_utils.testing import dictionary_test
 
 
diff --git a/test/test_stentura.py b/test/test_stentura.py
index 5c25e5e53..b8f8f6ebb 100644
--- a/test/test_stentura.py
+++ b/test/test_stentura.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def make_response(seq, action, error=0, p1=0, p2=0, data=None, length=None):
     return response
 
 
-def make_read_response(seq, data=[]):
+def make_read_response(seq, data=b""):
     return make_response(seq, stentura._READC, p1=len(data), data=data)
 
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def __init__(self, responses, requests=None):
     def write(self, data):
         self.writes += 1
         if self._requests and self._requests[self.writes - 1] != bytes(data):
-            raise Exception("Wrong packet.")
+            raise RuntimeError("Wrong packet.")
         self._current_response_offset = 0
         return len(data)
 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ def test_read_data_simple():
     class MockPort:
         def read(self, count):
             if count != 5:
-                raise Exception("Incorrect number read.")
+                raise RuntimeError("Incorrect number read.")
             return b"12345"
 
     port = MockPort()
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ def read(self, count):
                 if self._set2:
                     self.event.set()
             else:
-                raise Exception("Already read data.")
+                raise RuntimeError("Already read data.")
             if self._give_timeout and len(self._data) == count:
                 # If read() returns less bytes what was requested,
                 # it indicates a timeout.
@@ -511,10 +511,10 @@ def __init__(self, count, data, stop=False):
             self.stop = stop
 
         def __repr__(self):
-            return "<{}, {}, {}>".format(self.count, self.data, self.stop)
+            return f"<{self.count}, {self.data}, {self.stop}>"
 
     class MockPort:
-        def __init__(self, events=[]):
+        def __init__(self, events=()):
             self._file = b""
             self._out = b""
             self._is_open = False
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ def write(self, request):
                 self._is_open = True
             elif p["action"] == stentura._READC:
                 if not self._is_open:
-                    raise Exception("no open")
+                    raise RuntimeError("no open")
                 length, block, byte = p["p3"], p["p4"], p["p5"]
                 seq = p["seq"]
                 action = stentura._READC
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ def flushOutput(self):
     for test in tests:
         read_data = []
 
-        def callback(data):
+        def callback(data, read_data=read_data):
             read_data.append(data)
 
         port = test[0]
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ def callback(data):
 
         ready_called = [False]
 
-        def ready():
+        def ready(ready_called=ready_called):
             ready_called[0] = True
 
         try:
diff --git a/test/test_translation.py b/test/test_translation.py
index 8d2dc575e..6fc6a8ff3 100644
--- a/test/test_translation.py
+++ b/test/test_translation.py
@@ -3,22 +3,25 @@
 
 """Unit tests for translation.py."""
 
-from collections import namedtuple
 import ast
 import copy
 import operator
-
-from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
-from plover.steno import Stroke, normalize_steno
+from collections import namedtuple
 
 import pytest
 
+from plover.oslayer.config import PLATFORM
+from plover.steno import Stroke, normalize_steno
 from plover.steno_dictionary import StenoDictionary, StenoDictionaryCollection
-from plover.translation import Translation, Translator, _State
-from plover.translation import escape_translation, unescape_translation
-
-from plover_build_utils.testing import parametrize, steno_to_stroke as stroke
-
+from plover.translation import (
+    Translation,
+    Translator,
+    _State,
+    escape_translation,
+    unescape_translation,
+)
+from plover_build_utils.testing import parametrize
+from plover_build_utils.testing import steno_to_stroke as stroke
 
 if PLATFORM == "mac":
     BACK_STRING = "{#Alt_L(BackSpace)}{^}"
@@ -460,11 +463,11 @@ def translate(self, steno):
     def _check_translations(self, expected):
         # Hide from traceback on assertions (reduce output size for failed tests).
         __tracebackhide__ = operator.methodcaller("errisinstance", AssertionError)
-        msg = """
+        msg = f"""
         translations:
-            results: %s
-            expected: %s
-        """ % (self.s.translations, expected)
+            results: {self.s.translations}
+            expected: {expected}
+        """
         assert self.s.translations == expected, msg
 
     def _check_output(self, undo, do, prev):
@@ -850,11 +853,11 @@ def _check_lookup_history(self, expected):
         __tracebackhide__ = operator.methodcaller("errisinstance", AssertionError)
         result = ["/".join(key) for key in self.dc.lookup_history]
         expected = expected.split()
-        msg = """
+        msg = f"""
         lookup history:
-            results: %s
-            expected: %s
-        """ % (result, expected)
+            results: {result}
+            expected: {expected}
+        """
         assert result == expected, msg
 
     def test_zero_lookups(self):