diff --git a/internal/checker/checker.go b/internal/checker/checker.go
index 0a59c319876..7301ed7b7e1 100644
--- a/internal/checker/checker.go
+++ b/internal/checker/checker.go
@@ -5278,6 +5278,7 @@ func (c *Checker) checkImportDeclaration(node *ast.ImportDeclarationNode) {
 	}
 	if c.checkGrammarModuleElementContext(node, diagnostic) {
 		// If we hit an import declaration in an illegal context, just bail out to avoid cascading errors.
+		c.checkExternalModuleNameInGlobalScope(node)
 		return
 	}
 	if !c.checkGrammarModifiers(node) && node.Modifiers() != nil {
@@ -5468,6 +5469,7 @@ func (c *Checker) checkImportEqualsDeclaration(node *ast.Node) {
 		diagnostics.An_import_declaration_can_only_be_used_at_the_top_level_of_a_module,
 		diagnostics.An_import_declaration_can_only_be_used_at_the_top_level_of_a_namespace_or_module)
 	if c.checkGrammarModuleElementContext(node, diagnostic) {
+		c.checkExternalModuleNameInGlobalScope(node)
 		return // If we hit an import declaration in an illegal context, just bail out to avoid cascading errors.
 	}
 	c.checkGrammarModifiers(node)
@@ -5510,6 +5512,7 @@ func (c *Checker) checkExportDeclaration(node *ast.ExportDeclarationNode) {
 		diagnostics.An_export_declaration_can_only_be_used_at_the_top_level_of_a_module,
 		diagnostics.An_export_declaration_can_only_be_used_at_the_top_level_of_a_namespace_or_module)
 	if c.checkGrammarModuleElementContext(node, diagnostic) {
+		c.checkExternalModuleNameInGlobalScope(node)
 		return // If we hit an export in an illegal context, just bail out to avoid cascading errors.
 	}
 	exportDecl := node.AsExportDeclaration()
@@ -5553,6 +5556,15 @@ func (c *Checker) checkExportDeclaration(node *ast.ExportDeclarationNode) {
 	c.checkImportAttributes(node)
 }
 
+func (c *Checker) checkExternalModuleNameInGlobalScope(node *ast.Node) {
+	if getEnclosingContainer(node).Kind != ast.KindSourceFile || (ast.IsImportDeclarationOrJSImportDeclaration(node) && node.ImportClause() == nil) {
+		return
+	}
+	if moduleName := ast.GetExternalModuleName(node); moduleName != nil {
+		c.resolveExternalModuleName(node, moduleName, false)
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *Checker) checkExportSpecifier(node *ast.ExportSpecifierNode) {
 	c.checkAliasSymbol(node)
 	hasModuleSpecifier := node.Parent.Parent.ModuleSpecifier() != nil
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.errors.txt b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b89d3156232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(2,5): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(2,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'exportNamed' or its corresponding type declarations.
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(3,5): error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(3,19): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'exportStar' or its corresponding type declarations.
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(4,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(4,23): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'importNamed' or its corresponding type declarations.
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(5,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(5,24): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'importEquals' or its corresponding type declarations.
+moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts(6,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+
+
+==== moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts (9 errors) ====
+    {
+        export { a } from "exportNamed";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'exportNamed' or its corresponding type declarations.
+        export * from "exportStar";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1233: An export declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'exportStar' or its corresponding type declarations.
+        import { b } from "importNamed";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'importNamed' or its corresponding type declarations.
+        import c = require("importEquals");
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'importEquals' or its corresponding type declarations.
+        import "sideEffect";
+        ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+    }
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.js b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c5072e7e789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts] ////
+
+//// [moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts]
+{
+    export { a } from "exportNamed";
+    export * from "exportStar";
+    import { b } from "importNamed";
+    import c = require("importEquals");
+    import "sideEffect";
+}
+
+
+//// [moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.js]
+"use strict";
+{
+    export { a } from "exportNamed";
+    export * from "exportStar";
+    import { b } from "importNamed";
+    import c = require("importEquals");
+    import "sideEffect";
+}
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.symbols b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..240e3397d6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts] ////
+
+=== moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts ===
+{
+    export { a } from "exportNamed";
+>a : Symbol(a, Decl(moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts, 1, 12))
+
+    export * from "exportStar";
+    import { b } from "importNamed";
+>b : Symbol(b, Decl(moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts, 3, 12))
+
+    import c = require("importEquals");
+>c : Symbol(c, Decl(moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts, 3, 36))
+
+    import "sideEffect";
+}
+
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.types b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.types
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e865e58cf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.types
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts] ////
+
+=== moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts ===
+{
+    export { a } from "exportNamed";
+>a : any
+
+    export * from "exportStar";
+    import { b } from "importNamed";
+>b : any
+
+    import c = require("importEquals");
+>c : any
+
+    import "sideEffect";
+}
+
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt
index af0204ba8e2..9ebc0a62740 100644
--- a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt
@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(21,5): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear her
 moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(22,5): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
 moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(23,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
 moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(24,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(24,25): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'foo' or its corresponding type declarations.
 moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(25,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
 moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(26,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
 moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(27,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
 moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(28,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
 
 
-==== moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts (17 errors) ====
+==== moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts (18 errors) ====
     {
         namespace M { }
         ~~~~~~~~~
@@ -68,6 +69,8 @@ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(28,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can o
         import I2 = require("foo");
         ~~~~~~
 !!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+                            ~~~~~
+!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'foo' or its corresponding type declarations.
         import * as Foo from "ambient";
         ~~~~~~
 !!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
diff --git a/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt.diff b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt.diff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..af75aef53ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/baselines/reference/submodule/compiler/moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--- old.moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt
++++ new.moduleElementsInWrongContext.errors.txt
+@@= skipped -10, +10 lines =@@
+ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(22,5): error TS1184: Modifiers cannot appear here.
+ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(23,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(24,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
++moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(24,25): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'foo' or its corresponding type declarations.
+ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(25,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(26,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(27,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+ moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts(28,5): error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
+
+
+-==== moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts (17 errors) ====
++==== moduleElementsInWrongContext.ts (18 errors) ====
+     {
+         namespace M { }
+         ~~~~~~~~~
+@@= skipped -57, +58 lines =@@
+         import I2 = require("foo");
+         ~~~~~~
+ !!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
++                            ~~~~~
++!!! error TS2307: Cannot find module 'foo' or its corresponding type declarations.
+         import * as Foo from "ambient";
+         ~~~~~~
+ !!! error TS1232: An import declaration can only be used at the top level of a namespace or module.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts b/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..345e899fe27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/moduleDeclarationsInNonScopeBlock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    export { a } from "exportNamed";
+    export * from "exportStar";
+    import { b } from "importNamed";
+    import c = require("importEquals");
+    import "sideEffect";
+}