SwiftUI Previews fail with JIT runtime linking failure (`_APM*` symbols not found) since 12.15.0 when FirebaseAnalytics is used in a Swift package static library target

[y-hakutaku]

Description

Since firebase-ios-sdk 12.15.0, Xcode's SwiftUI Previews fail to render any view that (transitively) uses View.analyticsScreen(...) when FirebaseAnalytics is a dependency of a static library target in a Swift package. The preview agent's JIT linker reports Runtime linking failure with 16 _APM* symbols from GoogleAppMeasurement not found.

• 12.14.0: the same preview renders fine. 12.15.0, 12.16.0, and 12.17.0 all fail with the identical error (each verified with the minimal repro below), so this is a regression introduced in 12.15.0 and still present in the latest release.
• Only Previews are affected. Regular builds and runs on simulator and device work fine on all versions.
• Workaround (verified): declaring the package product as .library(type: .dynamic, ...) makes the same preview render successfully on 12.17.0. The failure only occurs on the static linking path of the Previews JIT.
• GoogleAdsOnDeviceConversion resolves to the same version (3.6.1) in both the working (12.14.0) and failing (12.15.0+) configurations, so this is not the same cause as Preview Error: Could not load static archive during preview #16070.

I compared the 12.14.0 and 12.15.0+ binaries to narrow this down, and could not find a structural difference that explains it:

• All 16 missing symbols are globally defined (nm types S/T) in the ios-arm64_x86_64-simulator slice of GoogleAppMeasurement.xcframework in every version from 12.14.0 through 12.17.0, and all 16 are listed in the archive's ranlib table (llvm-nm --print-armap)
• The archive member list (369 members, all Mach-O objects, no LTO bitcode) is identical across versions, and the objects target the same SDK (LC_BUILD_VERSION: minos 15.0, sdk 26.2)
• FirebaseAnalytics.xcframework's member list, undefined _APM* references (34), and .swiftinterface text are also identical between 12.14.0 and 12.15.0

So whatever changed in the 12.15.0 binaries is below the symbol-table level, but it flips the Previews JIT linker from resolving these symbols to not finding them.

Expected: the preview renders, as it does with 12.14.0.
Actual: PreviewFailedError with the JIT error below.

Reproducing the issue

Minimal reproducible example: https://github.com/y-hakutaku/firebase-analytics-preview-repro

The repro is a single Swift package with one static library target that depends on FirebaseAnalytics and contains one ViewModifier calling .analyticsScreen(name:) plus a #Preview.

1. Clone the repo and open Package.swift in Xcode, wait for package resolution
2. Open Sources/AnalyticsUI/TrackedScreenModifier.swift
3. Show the Canvas (⌥⌘↩) and let the #Preview build → it fails with the error below
4. Change the dependency to exact: "12.14.0" in Package.swift → the same preview renders successfully
5. (Workaround check) Restore 12.17.0 and declare the product as .library(name: "AnalyticsUIModule", type: .dynamic, targets: ["AnalyticsUI"]) → the preview renders successfully

Environment used for verification: Xcode 26.6 (17F113) on macOS 26.3.1 (Apple silicon), previewing on an iPhone simulator run destination. Also reproduced from a clean clone with fresh DerivedData.

Firebase SDK Version

12.15.0–12.17.0 (12.14.0 works)

Xcode Version

26.6 (17F113)

Installation Method

Swift Package Manager

Firebase Product(s)

Analytics

Targeted Platforms

iOS

Relevant Log Output

PreviewFailedError: Preview errored.

==================================

|  EvolvingError
|
|  EvolvingError: EvolvingError(initialError: [Remote] JITError: Runtime linking failure
|
|  Additional Link Time Errors:
|  Symbols not found: [ _APMIsAnalyticsCollectionDeactivated, _APMAppMeasurementOriginFirebase, _OBJC_CLASS_$_APMIdentity, _OBJC_CLASS_$_APMMeasurement, _APMUserDataFieldHashedPhoneNumber, _APMConsentSettings3P, _APMFormattedEventName, _APMIsValidTransactionDeviceVerification, _APMUserDataFieldEmailAddress, _OBJC_CLASS_$_APMAnalytics, _APMMonitorLogTagOptionKey, _APMUserDataFieldHashedEmailAddress, _APMAnalyticsConfiguration, _APMUserDataFieldPhoneNumber, _APMIsAnalyticsCollectionEnabled, _APMFormattedUserPropertyName ]
|
|  ==================================
|
|  |  [Remote] LLVMError
|  |
|  |  LLVMError: LLVMError(description: "Failed to materialize symbols: { (static-AnalyticsUI, { ___swift_instantiateConcreteTypeFromMangledNameAbstractV2$5$body, _$s11AnalyticsUI04$s11A116UI0032TrackedScreenModifierswift_jIADjfMX25_0_33_A1EB42AD39FCA07F1947DF219D89115DLl7PreviewfMf_15PreviewRegistryfMu_V04makeT021DeveloperToolsSupport0T0VyKFZ05SwiftB04View_pyScMYccfU_$5$body, ... (truncated; the full list is every symbol in the previewed file's object) ... } }"), evolutions: nil)

If using Swift Package Manager, the project's Package.resolved

Expand Package.resolved snippet

{
  "originHash" : "6106fd095c36d994a2c43095bb4b3f25b294113ae1fcbb3287e730437a6baab7",
  "pins" : [
    {
      "identity" : "abseil-cpp-binary",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/abseil-cpp-binary.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "bbe8b69694d7873315fd3a4ad41efe043e1c07c5",
        "version" : "1.2024072200.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "app-check",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/app-check.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "3e33dd27dd4c69bd81c7c81fe61d8ccf58846902",
        "version" : "11.3.1"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "firebase-ios-sdk",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/firebase/firebase-ios-sdk.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "33a468adfdb75b53f05a37e7c886ca7c962b5c17",
        "version" : "12.17.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "google-ads-on-device-conversion-ios-sdk",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/googleads/google-ads-on-device-conversion-ios-sdk",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "dc39082d8881109d35b94b1c122164c0e8d08a55",
        "version" : "3.6.1"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "googleappmeasurement",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/GoogleAppMeasurement.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "fceaffa07d22dcd5624d3639fd970351a4a5ad8c",
        "version" : "12.17.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "googledatatransport",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/GoogleDataTransport.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "617af071af9aa1d6a091d59a202910ac482128f9",
        "version" : "10.1.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "googleutilities",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/GoogleUtilities.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "9f183ae842be978784f2963a343682e0c46d8fb3",
        "version" : "8.1.2"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "grpc-binary",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/grpc-binary.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "75b31c842f664a0f46a2e590a570e370249fd8f6",
        "version" : "1.69.1"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "gtm-session-fetcher",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/gtm-session-fetcher.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "c0ac7575d70050c2973ba2318bd5af47f8e8153a",
        "version" : "5.3.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "interop-ios-for-google-sdks",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/interop-ios-for-google-sdks.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "040d087ac2267d2ddd4cca36c757d1c6a05fdbfe",
        "version" : "101.0.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "leveldb",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/firebase/leveldb.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "a0bc79961d7be727d258d33d5a6b2f1023270ba1",
        "version" : "1.22.5"
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    },
    {
      "identity" : "nanopb",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/firebase/nanopb.git",
      "state" : {
        "revision" : "3851d94a41890dea16dc3db34caf60e585cb4163",
        "version" : "2.30910.1"
      }
    },
    {
      "identity" : "promises",
      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
      "location" : "https://github.com/google/promises.git",
      "state" : {
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        "version" : "2.4.1"
      }
    }
  ],
  "version" : 3
}

If using CocoaPods, the project's Podfile.lock

N/A (Swift Package Manager)

[rizafran]

Thanks for reporting this, @y-hakutaku. I tried using the MCVE you shared, and I was able to reproduce the issue in Preview. I'll be consulting this to our engineers to see what we can do here. For now, you may use the workaround fix, which is to add the type: .dynamic in Package.swift.

[y-hakutaku]

Thanks for confirming, @rizafran — I appreciate it.

It’s helpful to know the issue is reproducible. I’ll wait for updates from the engineering team, and would appreciate it if you could keep me posted on any progress.

Thanks again!

[y-hakutaku]

Follow-up on the type: .dynamic workaround noted above — it doesn't hold up once the package graph gets more complex than the minimal repro.

In the repro, the target (AnalyticsUI) is consumed by exactly one product (AnalyticsUIModule), so there's no ambiguity: declaring that product type: .dynamic makes SwiftPM always build the target in a dynamic "role", and GoogleAppMeasurement's static archive gets bundled into that one loadable dylib, which the Previews JIT can then resolve against.

I also tested this against a large SwiftPM-based iOS app (~50+ local targets), where the shared UI module that calls .analyticsScreen(...) is consumed in two ways at once:

• a Preview*-suffixed product declared type: .dynamic, used only by Xcode Canvas
• the real app scheme, which links the same target statically as part of the shipped binary

With that dual consumption, declaring the Preview* product type: .dynamic did not fix the crash — same JITError: Runtime linking failure as above. The PreviewFailedError still referenced the target's static-role build artifacts, e.g.:

In static-<SomeSharedModule>, failed to materialize { ... }
due to unsatisfied dependencies { (static-<SomeSharedModule>, { ... FirebaseAnalyticsE15analyticsScreen... }) }

So even with a dynamic product declared for that target, Xcode's Preview build ended up resolving against the target's static- role variant (the one also required by the app scheme), which never had GoogleAppMeasurement bundled in as a loadable image.

I don't have enough visibility into Xcode's build system to say why the static role gets picked when the same target has to serve both a static consumer and a dynamic-only Preview consumer — flagging it in case others with larger/multi-target packages hit the same "workaround doesn't work" wall. In that app I ended up working around it differently: removed the FirebaseAnalytics import from the shared module entirely (the actual Analytics.logEvent call now lives behind a small protocol, implemented in a separate module that isn't part of the Preview's dependency graph). That way the shared module's compiled output never references GoogleAppMeasurement symbols at all, regardless of which role (static or dynamic) it ends up built in.

Happy to share more (exact error text, simplified Package.swift shape) if it's useful for narrowing this down.

[irgaly]

I faced same problem on firebase-ios-sdk v12.17.0, and it seems previews works correctly on v12.18.0. (Xcode 26.3 + SPM + firebase-ios-sdk Analytics).

• https://github.com/firebase/firebase-ios-sdk/releases/tag/12.18.0